146 THE bee-keeper's GtJIDE ; 



pollen-grains, that have not yielded to the digestive action of 

 the stomach. This opinion is sustained by the strongly mus- 

 cular nature of the tube (Fig. 36, A). The diameter of the 

 ileum is hardly .02 of an inch. The rectum, or last portion of 

 the intestine (Fig. 61, It), is much larger than the ileum, and 

 carries on its mucous or inner surface six glands (Fig. 36, r,g), 

 ■which Schiemenz calls rectal glands. It is quite likely that 

 these may be excretory in function. Their position would 

 make this view seem probable at the least. Minot claims that 

 these are not glands nor absorbant organs. Fernald thinks 

 them valvular, and believes they restrain the injesta. 



Before leaving the subject it seems well to remark that it 

 now seems certain that the old view of Dufour, so ably advo- 

 cated by Pastor Schonfeld is, despite the arguments and 

 researches of Schiemenz, the correct one. Our experiments 

 with charcoal prove this absolutely. The queen, drone and 

 larvae do not get their food as a secretion — a sort of milk — but 

 it is rather the digested pollen modified, as the bees desire by 

 varying their own food. In addition to this albuminous food 



Fig. 65. 



a Jaw of Drone. b Jaw of Queen. c Jaw of Worker. 



(Original.) 



the queen and drones also take much honey. Thus they need 

 the glands which furnish the ferment that changes cane to 

 reducible sugar, and they have them. If all honey were fully 

 digested, then the drones and queen would not need any glands 

 at all. The fact that the pollen that the larvae do get is par- 

 tially digested is further proof that this is chyme, or partially 

 digested pollen. 



The jaws (Fig. 65, c) are very strong, without the rudimen- 

 tary tooth, while the cutting edge is semi-conical, so that whep 



