ORIGIN AND BOTANY 121 



Intermediateness of character does not prove hybridity, 

 but it is at least a strong argument for it. The fact that 

 the Scarlet and the Chilean cross readily is well known. 

 Wilmot's Superb, raised by John Wilmot, of Isleworth, 

 England, in 1821, was a cross between the true Chili 

 and the Roseberry, a variety of the Scarlet. It resembled 

 the Old Pine. About the same time, Thomas Andrew 

 Knight made many crosses between the two species and 

 raised over 400 seedlings. One of these, the Downton, 

 was presumably a virginiana-chiloensis cross. This variety 

 was classified as a Pine. 



The fact that all the plants of F. chiloensis first brought 

 from Chile were pistillate has been noted (p. 115 ). 

 This gives color to the hybrid hypothesis of the origin of 

 the Pine since any seedlings of the Chilean that were 

 raised at that time would be hybrids; and, as has been 

 pointed out (p. 96), varieties of the Scarlet were com- 

 monly used for pollinating the Chilean. 



Several recent students of the botany of Fragaria have 

 dissented from the theory that the Pine was pure F. 

 chiloensis. In 1914 C. W. Richardson, an English plant 

 breeder, expressed this opinion: 1 "Something of the 

 origin of the modem garden strawberry is known, but its 

 whole history is not. It springs from an old form of 

 garden strawberry, the result of crosses between vesca, 

 Alpine, and Hautbois. This older form was again crossed 

 with F. virginiana, introduced in 1629, and with F. chiloen- 

 sis, introduced in Marseilles in 1712 and to England in 

 1727 by Philip Miller. These crosses were again crossed 

 with F. ananassa (F. grandiflora) , introduced from Holland 

 during the eighteenth century. The origin of this plant 

 is unknown. It was said to have been brought from 

 1 Jour. Genetics, 3 (1914), p. 173. 



