BRITISH BREEDS OF CATTLE. 5 



(3) Food affects development both of the frame and 

 flesh, and also the milking qualities. 



(4) Habit affects constitution and transmission. 



(5) Treatment affects constitution and performance, and 

 qualifies all the influences indicated above. 



IV. The great improvement in the many 

 breeds of cattle found in Great Britain has been 

 brought about through the molding influences of 

 man, operating in the line of natural laws. 



(1) These influences are: Careful selection in breeding, 

 judicious mating, inter-crossing of the progeny for a time, 

 liberal sustenance and wise management generally. 



(2) They have been aided by a favorable and varied soil 

 and climate and by the fusion of different breeds and types, 

 each possessing intensified peculiarities. 



(3) The tastes of the British people, arising in part out 

 of their necessities, have conduced to the same end. 



V. The aboriginal cattle of Great Britain are 

 probably represented in the Kyloes of Scotland and 

 the Black cattle of Wales, with little or no admix- 

 ture of other blood, and in purest form in the wild 

 white cattle still found in certain parks. 



(1) The differences which characterize these arise from 

 some of the influences named as concerned in variation, more 

 especially climate and food. 



(2) All or nearly all of the other races have probably 

 been influenced to a greater or less extent by the fusion of the 

 blood of other breeds. 



VI. The chief of the herds of wild white cat- 

 tle still existing in Great Britain are found in Chil- 

 lingham park, Lyme park, Chartley and Chadzow 

 forest. 



(1) The prevailing color is white with a few of the bulls 

 cream, but the whole of the ear inside and one-third outside 

 from tip down is red or brown. 



(2) The horns are rather fine and white, with black tips. 



(3) The color of the muzzle is black. 



(4) The bulls have coarse hair on the neck from one and 

 one-half to two inches long. 



(5) They mature at six years, when the males weigh, 

 dressed, about "550 pounds." 



