14 THE STUDY OF BREEDS. 



(a) Forehead, broad and dishing. 



(b) Nose, fine. 



(c) Muzzle, medium to broad and moist. 



(d) Nostrils, large and open. 



(e) Cheeks, clean and spare. 



(f) Eyes, prominent and lively. 



(g) Poll, medium to wide, according to breed. 

 (h) Horns, fine. 



(i) Ears, medium, with ample secretions, thinner than in 

 the beef breeds and somewhat livelier. 



(4) Neck Inclining to long and light, almost slim. 



(a) It should be fine at the junction of the head and 

 should widen and deepen only gradually. 



(b) The junction with the body should be well defined, 

 almost abrupt in character. 



(5) Back Narrow at the withers, wide at the loin, and 

 at least moderately so at the pin bones, and straight or swayed 

 according to breed and individuality. 



(a) A straight back is to be preferred, other things being 

 equal. 



(b) The spinal column should be large, well defined and 

 open spaced. 



(c) There should be more or less of a downward slope 

 from the crupper to the outer edge of the hip. 



(6) Forequarters Lighter than the hindquarters, and 

 spare. 



(a) Withers, narrow. 



(b) Shoulders, not heavy, pronounced in their upward 

 slope toward one another, and more or less abrupt in front. 



(c) Chest, wide through the heart and capacious. 



(d) Breast, wide below, but not prominent. 



(e) Brisket, wedge-shaped. 



(f) Arm, inclining to light. 



(7) Barrel or Coupling Long, deep, capacious, in a 

 sense, paunchy. 



(B.) Ribs, broad, wide spaced, with a deep downward and 

 outward spring, and much space between the last rib and 

 hook point. 



(b) Crops, steep, but not necessarily depressed. 



fcjl Fore flanks, fairly well filled. 



(d) Hind flanks, thin but not sunken. 



(e) Underline, more or less sagged. 



(f) Girth, at least fairly good around the heart, and 

 increasingly so at the hind flank. 



(8) Hindquarters Long, but varying somewhat in the 

 breeds, wide at top of the hips and coming well down, but 

 without fullness. 



(a) Hips, not heavy, but more heavy in some breeds. 



(b) Thighs, inclining to light, thin and more or less 

 incurved. 



