DAIRY BREEDS. 15 



(c) Buttock, upright or receding somewhat toward the 

 thigh. 



(d) Pin bones, prominent and wide spaced. 



(e) Twist, open, placed high, and roomy. 



(f) Tail, not coarse, tapering, of good length, and hanging 

 at right angles to the back. 



(9) Escutcheon Well defined and well developed from 

 the perineum to the udder and extending well outward on 

 the thighs. 



(a) Breadth below the perineum is said to denote pro- 

 longed milking qualities. 



(b) Width at the thighs is said to indicate deep milking 

 qualities. 



(10) Udder Long, broad and deep, extending well for- 

 ward and well up behind, and evenly quartered. 



(a) It should be well let down, but not pendulous, and 

 the skin should hang in loose folds behind when the udder 

 is empty. 



(b) In quality, it should be fine and elastic, glandular, 

 not fleshy. 



(c)' The hair on the udder should be soft and not plentiful. 



(d) The veins on the same well defined. 



(e) The teats of medium size and squarely placed or 

 pointing slightly outward. 



( 1 1 ) Milk Veins Large, tortuous, preferably branched 

 and entering the abdominal wall well forward and through 

 large orifices, usually called milk wells. 



(a) More commonly there are but two milk wells, but 

 more are much prized. 



(b) The veins increase in size with advancing age in the 

 animal. 



(12) Legs Medium in length, fine in bone and straight, 

 at least fairly wide apart and yet well under the body. 



(13) Skin Medium to fine, finer than in the beef breeds, 

 easily movable, and covered plentifully with fine, soft hair. 



(14) General Appearance The carriage should be 

 active, the prominences at the angles and also the ribs dis- 

 tinctly apparent, and there should be evidences of a tendency 

 to spareness in form when in milk. 



IV. The males as distinguished from the 

 females. 



(1) They should be stronger in bone and more masculine 

 throughout, especially in the head and neck, and not so rangy 

 in body or limb. 



(2) The first requisite is constitution as indicated by a 

 capacious chest, much width through the heart and an active 

 carriage. 



