2O THE STUDY OF BREEDS. 



(2) General Outline The form should be parallelogram- 

 mic rather than wedge-shaped, and nearly evenly developed in 

 front and rear. 



(3) Head Only moderately large and inclining to long, 

 clean cut and free from throatiness. 



(a) Forehead, wide. 



(b) Nose, inclining to long and fine. 



(c) Muzzle, medium to strong and moist. 



(d) Nostril, large and open. 



(e) Cheeks, lean. 



(f) Eyes, large, prominent and neither restless nor sleepy. 



(g) Poll, varying with the breed or grade. 

 (h) Horns, inclining to fine when present. 



(i) Ears, of medium size, thickness and action, but vary- 

 ing with the breed or grade. 



(4) Neck Inclining to long and fine, but not slim. 



(a) Not coarse at the junction with the head. 



(b) Of medium increasing width and depth toward the 

 shoulder, and joining the latter neither abruptly nor so 

 smoothly as in the beef breeds. 



(5) Back Moderately wide at the withers, wide at the 

 loin and pin bones, and straight. 



(6) Forequarters Nearly equal in development with the 

 hindquarters. 



(a) Withers, moderately wide. 



(b) Shoulders, large, but not prominent, and possessed of 

 medium upward and forward slope. 



(c) Chest, wide through the heart, capacious. 



(d) Breast, wide, moderately deep and full. 



(e) Brisket, wide and but moderately full. 



(f) Forearm, broad and but moderately full. 



(7) Barrel or Coupling Long, deep, roomy, capacious. 



(a) Ribs, at least fairly well sprung and deep, well spaced, 

 easily discernible when the animal is giving milk, and pos- 

 sessed of good snace between the last rib and hook point. 



(b) Crops, filled up level, or nearly so, with the shoulder. 



(c) Fore flanks, low and full. 



(d) Hind flanks, low, moderately full and of medium 

 thickness. 



(e) Girth, good at the heart and at least good at the hind 

 flank. 



(f) Underline, straight or slightly rounded downward. 



(8) Hindquarters Long, wide, deep and but slightly 

 dropping away from the sacrum and crupper. 



(a) Hips, straight on the sides. 



(b) Thighs, broad, and in a line externally with the hips, 

 and possessed of but little or no incurvature behind. 



(c) Buttocks, straight, or nearly so. 



(d) Pin bones, wide, but not prominent. 



(e) Twist, open and placed moderately low. 



