DUAL-PURPOSE CATTLE. 21 



(f) Tail, inclining to fine and long, smoothly set on and 

 hanging at right angles with the body. 



(9) Udder Capacious, evenly quartered, coming well 

 forward and backward and not too high or too low. 



(a) When empty it should be pliant, not fleshy, and with 

 much loose skin hanging in folds at the rear. 



(b) The teats should be of good size and pointing slightly 

 outward. 



(10) Milk Veins Large, long, tortuous, all the better if 

 branched, and they should enter the body through large orifices 

 or milk wells. 



(n) Legs Medium in length and bone, straight and 

 widely placed. 



(12) Skin Medium, inclining to fine, easily movable, 

 particularly on the ribs, and plentifully covered with soft hair 

 devoid of coarseness or harshness. 



(13) General Appearance The large, refined and fairly 

 smooth form of the dual-purpose animal carries along with it 

 evidences of producing capacity. 



(a) . In movement it is neither sprightly nor sluggish, 

 but easy. 



(b) When in milk it is not high fleshed, but puts on flesh 

 quickly when dry. 



V. The more important points of contrast 

 between the males and females : 



(1) The former are heavier and stronger and shorter in 

 head, horn, neck and limbs. 



(2) They have relatively more of breast development and 

 are relatively a little shorter in the coupling. 



VI. Dual-purpose cattle contrasted with beef 

 cattle. 



(1) In general outline the former are less massive, not so 

 even in their proportions and not so smooth. 



(2) In size they are about the same, but do not weigh 

 so well. 



(3) They are a little longer in the head, neck, limbs and 

 barrel. 



(4) They are not so wide at the withers, are a little less 

 full in the breast, shoulders, hips and twist, and are not quite 

 so rounded or close spaced in the ribs, and 



(5) The development of udder and milk veins is much 

 more marked. 



VII. Dual-purpose cattle contrasted with dairy 

 cattle. 



