SHORTHORNS. 25 



IV. It is alleged and as stoutly denied that 

 improvements were effected on the Teeswater and 

 Holderness cattle by the use of Dutch bulls and on 

 the improved Shorthorn by the introduction of a 

 Galloway cross. 



(1) It is pretty certain, however, that a Dutch cross was 

 introduced about the year 1640, and also at a subsequent period 

 or periods. 



(2) The Colling Bros, introduced a Galloway cross known 

 as "the Alloy" about the end of the eighteenth century. 



V. Several good herds of Shorthorns existed 

 in England, in the northern counties, as early as the 

 middle of the eighteenth century. 



(1) Notable among these were the herds of the Earl of 

 Northumberland, Sir Wm. St. Quinton, Millbank, Croft, 

 Stevenson, Maynard and Wetherell. 



(2) The average size of the cattle in those days was 

 larger than it is now, but they were not equal to the cattle of 

 to-day in quality, symmetry and early maturing properties. 



VI. The following include the more noted of 

 the early improvers of .Shorthorns : 



(1) The Colling Bros, of Ketton, who commenced their 

 work of improvement about 1780, or somewhat earlier. 



(a) They selected their foundation stocks wherever they 

 could get good animals. 



(b) They aimed at reducing the frame and improving the 

 general symmetry and fleshing properties of their favorites. 



(c) They bred many famous bulls, and also the "Dur- 

 ham Ox" and the "White Heifer that Traveled." 



(d) The purchases made at the dispersion sale of the 

 Colling Bros., in 1810, did much to improve the Shorthorn 

 herds in England. 



(2) Thomas Bates, a faithful disciple of the Colling Bros., 

 who commenced breeding Shorthorns at Kirklevington late in 

 the eighteenth century. 



(a) The Princess, Duchess and Oxford families, were 

 among the most famous of the tribes which he founded. 



(b) Mr. Bates died in 1849, and his herd was dispersed 

 in 1850. 



(3) Richard Booth, who founded the famous herd at 

 Studley about 1790, a work well sustained at a later period by 

 his sons, Thomas and John, at Warlaby and Killerby, 

 respectively. 



