4O THE STUDY OF BREEDS. 



(2) The unfortunate controversy carried on toward the 

 middle of the century between the breeders of the mottle- 

 faced and white-faced varieties respectively. 



(3) They were not advertised in the same way or to the 

 same extent as the Shorthorns, and 



(4) The want of organized effort on the part of the 

 breeders until a comparatively recent period greatly hindered 

 the dissemination of the breed. 



VII. Distribution of Herefords. 



(1) They have been reared to some extent in Scotland, 

 Ireland, Jamaica, Canada and Australia, and 



(2) They have become numerous and popular in many of 

 the prairie sections of both North and South America. 



VIII. Importations to the United States and 

 Canada. 



(1) The first accredited importation was made into the 

 United States by the Kentucky statesman, Henry Clay, in 1817. 



(2) Several sundry importations were made to various 

 states between 1817 and 1839, but during that interval Here- 

 fords do not seem to have made much progress. 



(3) Between 1839 and 1843, William H. Sotham, who has 

 probably done more than any one person to advance the Here- 

 ford interest in the United States, made three successive 

 importations into the state of New York. 



(4) In 1860 and subsequently, F. W. Stone of Guelph, 

 Ont., imported and bred many excellent animals, and from 

 these many of the herds of the'United States have either been 

 built up or greatly enriched. 



(5) Thomas Aston of Elyria, O., was the third of the 

 leading importers prior to 1880, since when the distribution of 

 Herefords has been phenomenal. 



(6) Among the leading importers and breeders of the last 

 two decades the names of C. Culbertson, Newman, ILL, 

 T. L. Miller, Beecher, 111., and Thomas F. B. Sotham, Chilli- 

 cothe, Mo., stand out pre-eminent. 



IX. Associations formed. 



(1) The American Hereford Cattle Breeders' Association 

 was organized in 1881. 



(2) The Hereford Cattle Breeders' Association of Eng- 

 land was formed in 1884. 



X. Distribution in the United States and 

 Canada. 



(i) Nearly every state in the Union and nearly every 

 province of Canada has its quota of Herefords, but 



