HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CATTLE. 87 



III. Offshoots from Holland cattle. 



(1) Among these are the Flanders breed of Belgium and 

 France, the Oldenburg and Brittenburg breeds of Germany, 

 and the Holmogorian breed of Russia. 



(2) Cattle are also numerous in other parts of Europe 

 which evidently possess the blood of the cattle of Holland in 

 a greater or less degree. 



IV. Importations into Britain. 



(1) In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries more or 

 less of the blood of Dutch cattle was carried into England 

 and Scotland and exercised some influence on the milking 

 qualities of the old Teeswater and Ayrshire breeds. 



(2) In England this influence extended northward from 

 the Humber and over a considerable region. 



V. These cattle have for centuries past been 

 noted for their extraordinary dairy properties. 



(1) The effort to further improve them would seem to 

 have been constant and unceasing. 



(2) The unusual succulence and productiveness of the 

 pastures, which grow largely on reclaimed dyke lands, have 

 facilitated such improvement. 



VI. Care and management in Holland. 



(1) They are carefully housed in clean, well lighted and 

 comfortable stables in winter and are milked in the pastures 

 from aboi^t May ist to November ist. 



(2) When on pasture they are blanketed during inclement 

 weather. 



(3) Only a few of the choicest bulls are kept for breeding 

 and about 20 per cent of the choicest females. 



(4) The calves not reared are usually sold for veal and 

 the cows for beef, after having produced five or six calves. 



VII. Importations into the United States. 



(1) The first cattle imported from Holland are supposed 

 to have reached the Mohawk valley about 1621, and other 

 sundry importations are thought to have been made subse- 

 quently by Dutch settlers. 



(2) The first importation of which we have any definite 

 knowledge was made to Cazenovia by the Holland Land 

 Company in 1795. 



(3) The first herd, the blood of which has been kept pure, 

 was imported by W. W. Chenery of Belmont, Mass., in 1861. 



(4) Importations did not become general or frequent 

 until about 25 years ago. 



