138 THE STUDY OF BREEDS- 



black tips ; muzzle surrounded with a gray or yellowish circle ; 

 ears neither very small nor very long, the inside of which is 

 orange color and covered with thin, short hair. 



(2) Neck Thin. 



(3) Back Almost straight. 



(4) Chezt Deep and almost in a line with the belly. 



(5) Belly Not bulky and forming a continuous line with 

 the ribs and hips. 



(6) Loins Very broad. 



(7) Rump Broad and long. 



(8) Barrel Round, broad and deep at the flank. 



(9) Tail Thin, long, reaching very often to the fetlock. 

 (10) Legs Short, fine and straight. 



(u) Skin Thin and mellow and covered with an abun- 

 dance of hair. 



(12) Color for Females Solid black, black with a yellow 

 stripe on the back and around the muzzle, brown with black 

 points, brown brindle. 



(13) Color for Males Black, with or without the yellow 

 stripes in order to get the color uniformly black within as 

 short a time as possible. 



II. The following additional points are sub- 

 mitted : 



(1) Head, fine and well dished. 



(2) Neck, joining the shoulders abruptly. 



(3) Withers, inclining to fine. 



(4) Spine, sharp and well defined. 



(5) Shoulders, coming near in the upward slope. 



(6) Chest, wide through the heart. 



(7) Brisket, V-shaped. 



(8) Barrel, capacious. 



(9) Ribs, distinct and open spaced. 



(10) Twist, open. 



(11) Udder, large and well quartered. 



(12) Milk veins, well defined and well forward and mon 

 or less branched. 



III. General Appearance French Canadian 

 cattle are small in size and limb, relatively capaciou:) 

 hi body, and inclining to spareness in form. 



IV. Compared with Holsteins. 



(1) French Canadian cattle are not much more than hail 

 as large, are shorter in limb, less square in quarter and 

 spare in development. 



(2) They are more abrupt at the angular points, and 



(3) There are the differences in color. 



