l6o THE STUDY OF BREEDS. 



VI. Grazing qualities. 



(1) These, too, are of the middle zone order. 



(2) They are most at home where food is plentiful, but 

 can probably gather the same better than their heavier rivals. 



VII. Feeding qualities. 



(1) In no breed perhaps is the tendency so strong to pro- 

 duce abundantly when in milk and at the same time to fatten 

 rapidly when dry. 



(2) The steers, though of good fair size, fatten smoothly 

 and cheaply, kill well and make an excellent quality of beef. 



VIII. Value in crossing and grading. 



(1) Red Polls are highly adapted for being crossed upon 

 common stocks to improve them, both in form and utility. 



(2) The progeny have a close resemblance to the Red 

 Polls in form, appearance and qualities. 



IX. Breeding qualities. 



(1) These are at least medium. 



(2) As with all other breeds they are much affected in 

 this respect by artificial conditions. 



X. Weak points. 



(1) More uniformity would be desirable in breeding them, 

 and 



(2) A little more of heart girth and uniformity in size 

 and setting of teats. 



XL Compared with Shorthorns. 



(1) Red Polls are not nearly so well known or distributed 

 as Shorthorns, and they are considerably less in size. 



(2) They are more even in milk production and are better 

 adapted to produce steers of the "pony" order. 



(3) In other respects their characteristics are not far dif- 

 ferent. 



STANDARD POINTS. 



I. The following is the only authorized scale 

 of points for Red Polled cattle sanctioned by the 

 American Red Polled Cattle Club: 



(i) Essentials. 



> (a) Color, red ; the tip of the tail and the udder may be 

 white ; the extension on the udder a few inches along the inside 

 of the flank, or a small white spot or mark on the under part 



