MAMMALS OF MINNESOTA. 25 



all parts of the world except America. Many of the species are very 

 widely distributed. E. Geoff. St. Hilaire distinguished the family 1 under 

 the generic name Rhinolophus which is now restricted to include about 

 thirty species of this large family. Dentition I { |:f. Upper nasal ap- 

 pendage lance-shaped, pointed. First toe two- join ted, others three- 

 jointed, spurs well developed. 



Genus Phyllorhina, Bonaparte. Dentition i i f :f. All the toes two- 

 jointed, tail long, spurs well developed. Over twenty-five species from 

 Africa and eastward. The genus Coelops t Blyth, has the some formula. 

 The nasal appendage is two-lobed with a heart-shaped prominence. Toes 

 all two-jointed. Interfemoral membrane angularly excised. Only one 

 species found in Bengal. 



The third family is the Phyllostomidce. 



This very extensive family of Vampire bats is confined to South America. 

 In most genera only two small but broad incisors are found above. The 

 canines are very large, particularly below. The tall is often absent. The 

 vampire bats, although insectivorus ordinarily, sometimes inflict damage 

 by sucking the blood of domestic animals and particularly of horses, kiue 

 being nearly exempt from their attacks. In the sub-family Vampyri are 

 nine genera only two of which, Phyllostoma and Vampyrus, are rich in 

 species. The formula for the dentition of the vampires is f | f :|. The 

 tail is frequently absent. 



The second sub-family Glossophagce differs from the Vampyri in lacking 

 the horse-shoe appendage of the lip and in having the lower lip cleft. 

 The tongue is protrusible. As in the above the middle finger has three 

 phalanges, and the tragus is present. Genus Glossophaga with the inner 

 upper incisor more highly developed than the outer. The crowns or the 

 molar have a TV-shaped figure. The zygoma is entire. Dentition f i |:|. 

 Upper and lower incisors forming a connected series. 



The genus Monophyllus, Leach, differs in having the incisors in pairs, the 

 lower being small. The interfemoral membrane is small, the short tail 

 extending beyond it. 



The genus Ischnoglossa, Sauss, has a single doubtful species with no tail. 

 Pfiyllonycteris, Gundlach, has the formula f { |:|. " The zygoma is absent. 

 One or two species inhabit the Antilles. Peltorhinus contains a species 

 from Jamaica Lonchoglossa, Peters, has the formula \ { f :. Inner upper 

 incisor smaller than the outer. Lower ones deciduous, zygoma present. 

 One species in Brazil. Glossonycteris, Peters, has the inner upper incisor 

 smaller than the outer. Zygoma absent. Formula as in the above. 

 Choeronycteris, Lichtenstein, also has the same formula. Lower incisors 

 and first upper premolar deciduous. Anterior molars very small, only 

 provided with an anterior prominence. Two species inhabit Mexico and 

 Surinam. 



The geographical distribution of bats furnishes a number of 

 interesting facts. The order is represented in almost all parts 

 of the globe and the species are most numerous in the warmer 



1. Fitzinger in 1869-70 gave a compiled account ofthis family which, although entitled 

 a "critical review of the Rhinolophi" in the Sitzenb. d. Wiener Akademie der Wissen- 

 schaft seems to include many synonyms and to omit some modern species. The most 

 reliable account seems to be that of W. Peters, June, 1871, in the Monats bericht der 

 Koenigl. Akad, zu Berlin, from which our statements are taken. 

 -2 



