78 BULLETIN NO. VII. 



b. GRIZZLED WOLVES C. variabilis MAXIM., etc. White, 



more or less extensively grizzled with gray. Large, 

 and rather northerly. 



c. GRAY AND BRINDLED WOLVES C. lupus (Auct). Gray, 



of variable shade and pattern, generally brindled, 

 darker dorsally, paler or white below, little or no 

 rufous. Medium size . Most general distribution. 



d. RED WOLVES C. lupus, var. rufus AUD. AND BACH. 



Mixed, reddish and black, paler below, small. South- 

 erly, especially Texas. 



e. DUSKY WOLVES G. nubilus SAY. Dusky or plumbe- 



ous brown, with or without darker muzzle bands and 

 leg stripe. Small, chiefly southerly. 



/. BLACK WOLVES C. lupus, ater RICHARDSON. Black. 

 Small, southerly, Florida. 



The wolf drawn on Plate VI measured over four feet in length, 

 tail, 19 in.; nose to eye, 5; nose to ear, nearly 9; nose to tip of 

 ear, 12; eye to eye, 3^. The lower canine was li long. Weight 

 85 Ibs. 



The following incidents were furnished me by Mr. Upham 

 and illustrate certain traits of wolf character: 



"Mr. John D. Wilcox, of Pine City, Superintendent of Schools for Pine 

 county, told me that about the year 1860, when he lived at Sunrise in 

 Chisago county, having worked through a winter clay in the woods, mak- 

 ing sugar-troughs, one and a half miles from home, which was at Sunrise, 

 he was chased by a half dozen or more wolves, which he saw bounding up 

 and down in their pursuit on his track, and heard their yelping; with the 

 greatest haste possible he got across the open land where he then was and 

 climbed up into a tree, but only barely in time to save himself, for the 

 wolves were immediately at the tree, jumping up, yelping, and making 

 the evening hideous. This continued two hours or more, the wolves ail 

 the time howling and leaping up, their eyes glowing like coals of fire. 

 Finally they got into a flght among themselves and turned off into a 

 neighboring swamp. This flght with much crashing of the alders, snarl- 

 ing and yelping of the wolves, and joy of Mr. W. to hear his foes waging 

 war on each other, lasted an hour or so; then all became as still as death, 

 he finally got down and escaped home. His axe, left at the foot of the 

 tree, had its handle so gnawed and split ttiat it was spoiled. Woodsmen 

 have a saying that when a pack of wolves thus are foiled and lose their 

 expected prey, they turn on the wolf that first led them into the pursuit 

 and slay him. 



The same winter (or rather, spring,) a Swede a few miles from Sunrise, 

 making maple sugar at night and going out to gather sap, was attacked 

 by wolves, and is said to have been wholly eaten up, not a bone being left, 

 except his feet, which were gnawed as far down as the wolves could reach 

 into his boots; only shreds and small scraps of his clothing were found. 



