84 INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE 



History, Poesy, and Philosophy or the Sciences. 

 History, based on Memory, was divided into 

 "Natural" and "Civil," a reminiscence of which 

 is found in the title "Natural and Civil History" 

 which was borne till lately by more than one 

 Scottish Professorship. Poesy was based on the 

 faculty of Imagination. Philosophy or the Sci- 

 ences, based on Reason, included Divinity, which 

 has to do with revelation, and Natural Phil- 

 osophy, which has to do with God, Nature, 

 and Man. The department dealing with Nature 

 included Mathematics, Physics (Material and 

 Secondary Causes), and Metaphysics (Form and 

 Final Causes). It is obvious that this classifica- 

 tion does not help us much to-day, but it is very 

 interesting, as Prof. Karl Pearson points out, 

 to notice the suggestion that the sciences are not 

 like different lines that meet in one angle, but 

 rather like branches of a tree that meet in one 

 stem, "which stem grows for some distance 

 entire and continuous before it divides itself 

 into arms and boughs." There is here a sug- 

 gestion at once of unity and of evolution. 



Since the divisions of the sciences are "like 

 the branches of trees that join in one trunk," 

 "it is first necessary that we constitute a univer- 

 sal science as a parent to the rest, and as making 

 a common road to the sciences before the ways 

 separate." This "universal science" was a 



