Steel and Iron 



435 



sota, Michigan the first and second in order of production 

 and Wisconsin ; second, the Southern region with its center in 

 Alabama, the third state in order of production, and including 

 among other states Tennessee, Virginia, and Georgia ; third, the 

 North Atlantic region in which New York, Pennsylvania, and 

 New Jersey may be mentioned ; fourth, the Western region or 

 the Rocky Mountain and Pacific coast states, of which Cali- 

 fornia, Washington, New Mexico, and Wyoming are the chief 

 producers. 



The mean annual production of these regions for a decade 

 indicates their relative importance in this industry. The Lake 

 Superior region produced approximately eighty-one per cent 

 of the total output ; the Southern region twelve and one half 

 per cent ; the North Atlantic four and three fourths per cent ; 

 and the Western region one and three fourths per cent. 



The kinds of ores produced are hematite and brown ores in the 

 Lake Superior region ; red hematite and brown ores in the 

 Southern region ; magnetite 

 in New York, Pennsylvania, 

 and New Jersey of the North 

 Atlantic region ; hematite, 

 brown ore, and magnetite in 

 the Western region ; and iron 

 carbonate in Ohio. 



210. Mining. Mining 

 operations vary with the 

 geological position and the 

 kind and quantity of the ore 

 bodies. Ore bodies which are 

 horizontal or dip slightly, and 

 lie near the surface of the 

 earth, are usually stripped, the ore removed and loaded upon 

 cars by gigantic power shovels. Where the ore masses are deep 

 in the earth, or where thin ore bodies are steeply sloping or 

 vertical and extend to great depths, they must be reached by 



FIG. 142. Cross section showing 

 position of iron ore and the method of 

 mining. 



