\ -run. 17 



Spotted with blackish. Chin and throat white streaked with dusky; breast 

 greyish white, transversely waved with small bars of greyish black ; rest of the 

 under surface white covered with transverse bars of greyish or ashy brown ; 

 under tail coverts white ; upper tail coverts and back dark bluish grey tinged 

 with brown. Tail ashy brown, tipped with white and with four broad transverse 

 bands of dark brown. Primaries brown, barred with darker brown; shafts 

 reddish, the inner webs whitish towards the base ; lower surface of the wing 

 ashy grey ; secondaries, tertiaries, and the greater and lesser wing coverts 

 as the back ; under wing coverts barred transversely with dusky. Cere 

 yellow ; bill bluish horn ; irides bright yellow ; legs and feet yellow ; claws 

 black. 



Length. 18 to 19*5 inches; culmen 1*5 ; wing 12*2 to I2'5; expanse 43 

 to 45 inches ; tail 9-0 ; tarsus 3-0. 



Adult Female. Similar to the male, but a little larger, and the back is of a 

 browner tint, except in very old birds when there is scarcely any difference 

 between them. 



Length. 22 to 23 inches; wing 14; tarsus 3*4. 



Hab. Europe generally, wintering in E. Turkestan, Algeria, Palestine, 

 Egypt, the Himalayas, and Northern China. In India it has been found in the 

 Punjab and in the forests of Gurhwal in the N.-W. Provinces. Hodgson has 

 collected specimens in Nepal. Mr. Hume says that Dr. Jerdon mentioned to 

 him that it is occasionally taken in the plains of the Punjab during winter, 

 and adds that he saw a pair in July that evidently had their nest in a wood in 

 the Asrang Valley above Chini about 12,000 feet. Nothing certain is known 

 of its breeding in India. Mr. Hume {Rough Notes} says, it breeds so far as 

 he has been able to ascertain only in the higher regions of the Himalayas. 

 He says a pair of young birds were brought to him late in July from 

 near the Chor and the shikari asserted that he had taken them from a 

 nest. Mr. Thomson too tells him that they breed from March to June, 

 building on trees and laying 34 nearly pure white eggs, confining them- 

 selves to the interior of the deep precipitous valleys lying close to the snowy 

 peak. 



15. Astur trivirgatUS, Tern. PL Col \. pi. 303; Cm. Regne An. 

 P- 33 2 J Jerd. D. Lid. i. p. 47, No. 22 ; Wallace, Ibis, 1868, p. 6 ; Sharpe, Cat- 

 Ace. B. M. p. 95. Astur palumbarius, Jcrd. Madras Journal, p. 85. Lophos- 

 pizia trivirgatus, Kaup. Contr. Oni. 1850, p. 65 ; Hume, Ruigh Notes, p. 116; 

 Stray F. v. p. 8, 502. The CRESTED GOSHAWK. 



Adult Male. Above slatey grey, the upper tail coverts blackish and tipped 

 with white. Head and neck clearer slatey grey, including a conspicuous 

 occipital crest, the sides of the neck somewhat tinged with rufous ; quills browner 

 than the back ; primaries with rufescent shafts, barred above with dark brown, 



a 



