78 FALCONIN/E. 



coverts white, with a buffy tinge, and spotted black. Bill bluish-horn, black at 

 the tip and yellowish at the base. Cere, orbits and legs yellow. Irides brown. 



Length. 12*5 to 13 inches; wing 9-5 to I o; tail 6-5 to 67; culmen 175 ; 

 tarsus 1*6. 



The adult female is less rufous in colour above, and with the subterminal 

 spots wider and forming bands. Head rufous with longitudinal streaks. 

 Tail rufous, banded with dark brown, tipped with white and with a subter- 

 minal black band as in the male. Jy-^&zt ^-i^^f^L> 



75. CerchneiS naumanni, Fleisch in Fischer, Jahrg. 1818 (teste 

 Naumann ; Sharpe, Cat. Ace. B- M. p. 435 ; S/r. F. vii. 331 ; id. ix. p. 236, 

 371. Falco tinnunculoides, Tern. Man. d'Orn. i. p. 30; Gould, B. Eur. 

 i. pi. 27 ; Bree, B. Eur. i. p. 48. Falco cenchris, Cuv. Regn. An. i. p 322 ; 

 Sharpe and Dresser B. Eur. pt. 3. (1871). Tinnunculus cenchris, Bp. Cat. 

 Met. Vcc. Eur. pt. 21 ; Tristram, Ibis. 1865, p. 259. NAUMANN'S KESTREL. 



Adult Male. Head, hind neck, lower back, rump, upper tail coverts and 

 tail blue grey, the latter tipped with white, and with a black subterminal 

 band ; lores and a few streaks on the cheeks whitish. Upper surface of body 

 rich cinnamon rufous, also the lesser and median wing coverts, a few of the 

 outer ones of the latter series washed with blue grey; greater coverts and 

 inner secondaries blue grey washed with rufous externally ; primaries dark 

 brown ; throat deep fulvous white ; breast pale cinnamon or vinous with a 

 few blackish spots, which become larger on the sides of the body ; thighs 

 unspotted pale rufous ; abdomen and under tail coverts yellowish white ; 

 under wing coverts white, with a few tiny oval spots, larger on the axillaries ; 

 bill lightish blue, yellow at base and blackish at tip. Cere, orbits and feet 

 beautiful yellow, the claws generally white ; iris dark brown. 



Length. 12-5 inches ; culmen 075 ; wing 9-1 ; tail 6, tarsus T2. 



The Adult Female is dissimilar to the Male. Tawny rufous above with 

 transverse bars of blackish brown, narrower and more obscure on the lower 

 back, rump, arid upper tail coverts, the latter of which are strongly inclined to 

 grey ; tail rufous, barred with black, with a broad black subterminal band and 

 tipped with whitish. Head and neck rather pale rufous, the former broadly, 

 and the latter narrowly streaked with blackish shaft stripes ; forehead and a 

 distinct eyebrow whitish ; cheeks and ear coverts silvery white with narrow 

 black shaft streaks. Primaries dark brown, barred on the inner web with 

 rufous ; secondaries like the back, outer ones narrowly margined with white at 

 the tip ; throat, vent and under tail coverts unspotted fulvous white ; breast in- 

 clining to rufous fawn, all the feathers mesially streaked with blackish, 

 broader on the flanks and tiny on the thighs, which are also rufous. 



Length. 12*5 inches ; culmen 07; wing 9*3 tail 5 '9; tarsus 1-2. (Sharpe). 



Hab. South and South-Eastern Europe, migrating to S. Africa and India, 

 during winter. Recorded from the Concan, Deccan, South India and NepauK 



