ORIOLUS. 149 



154. OriolUS XanthonotUS, Horsf. Tr. Lin. Soc. iii. p. 153; Tern, 

 pi. col. 214; Horsf. Zool. Res. Java; Stolickza, J. A- S. B. xxxix. pt. ii. 

 p. 317; Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 277; Sharpe, Cat. S. Br. Mm. iii. p. 213, 

 Tweed. P. Z. S., 1878, p. 616; Hume and Damson, Str. F. vi. p. 330; 

 Hume, Sir, F. viii. p. 99. Oriolus castanopterus, Blyth, J . A. S. B. xi. 

 p. 796; Oates B. Br. Burmah, i. p. 215. The SMALL BLACK-HEADED 

 ORIOLE. 



Head, neck, chin and throat black ; breast, abdomen and flanks white, 

 streaked with black ; under tail coverts yellow ; sides of the breast tinged with 

 yellow ; axillaries grey ; under wing coverts black, margined with yellow ; 

 back, scapulars, lesser wing coverts, rump and upper tail coverts yellow ; 

 median wing coverts black, broadly tipped with yellow ; rest of the coverts and 

 all the quills black, most of them very narrowly edged with yellow ; tail black, 

 tipped with yellow, very narrowly on the central pair of feathers and progressively 

 increasing in extent on the outer feathers. 



Length. 7-5 inches; wing 4*35 ; tail 3-1 ; tarsus 075; culmen 0*9. 



Immature specimens have black edgings to the feathers of the back and 

 mesial dark streaks on the upper tail coverts. 



The adult female has the whole upper plumage with the lesser wing coverts 

 and tertiaries olive yellow, and the feathers of the head with dusky striations ; lores 

 grey ; feathers round the edges of the eyelids yellow ; ear coverts olive yellow 

 with paler shafts ; chin and throat whitish ; breast, abdomen, and flanks 

 white, streaked with black ; under tail coverts yellow ; rest of the plumage 

 as in the male, but everywhere more dull. Legs and feet plumbeous ; bill dark 

 fleshy ; irides crimson. 



Length. 8 inches; wing 4*4 ; tail 2'8; tarsus *8 ; culmen n. 



Hab. Malacca, Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Labuan, the Indian Archipelago, 

 Malay Peninsula, and the extreme south of Tennaserim, where it was pro- 

 cured by Davison. 



Habits those of its congeners. 



155 Oriolus melanocephalus, Lin. s. N. i, p. 160: Jerd. B. 



Ind. ii. p IIO, No. 472 ; Hume, Nests and Eggs, Ind. B. p. 301 ; Bly. B. 

 Burm. p. 139 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. iii. p. 2 15 ; Oates, S. F. vii. p. 48 ; 

 Cripps, Str. F. vii. p. 99 ; Anderson, Yunnan Exped. p. 660 ; Hume, Str. F. 

 vii. p. 99; Legge, B. Ceylon, p. 57 ; Oales, B. Br. Burm. i. p. 214. Oriolus 

 Ceylonensis, Bonap. Consp. \. p. 347; Jerd B. Ind. ii. p. 311 ; Hume, Str. F. 

 i. p. 439. Oriolus Himalayanus, Legge, B. Ceylon, p. 358. The BLACK- 

 HEADED ORIOLE. 



Above and below bright golden yellow ; head, chin, throat and upper breast 

 black ; scapulars and wing coverts bright yellow ; winglet and primary coverts 



