298 TURDIN/E. 



Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 87. Geocichla cyanota, (Jard. and Selby) Blyth, 

 J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 145 ; Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 517, No. 354 ; Hume, Nests and 

 Eggs, Ind. B. p. 229; Ball, Str. F. 1874, p. 40? ; Hume, Sir. F. 1876, 

 p. 298. The WHITE-WINGED GROUND-THRUSH. 



Head, nape, hindneck and sides of the neck ferruginous ; general colour of 

 the rest of the upper parts dull cyaneous or pale slaty grey, each feather 

 rather darker in the centre. Cheeks, chin, throat and neck white ; breast, 

 abdomen and flanks bright ferruginous or orange chestnut ; vent and under 

 tail coverts white ; lores white. A dark brown band extends from the eye 

 half way to the shoulder ; behind this is a white band extending nearly to the 

 shoulder; behind this again is another shorter dark brown band, leaving a 

 small white spot at the junction of the ear coverts and the nape. Quills and 

 innermost secondaries brown with the unemarginated portions of the outside 

 webs slate grey ; median wing coverts broadly tipped with white ; greater 

 wing coverts and primary coverts dark brown on inside web and slate grey 

 on outside web ; axillaries white basally, dark slate grey terminally ; under 

 wing coverts dark slate grey basally, terminally white ; bill dark brown ; legs 

 and feet flesh colour ; irides dark brown. 



Length. 8-5 to 8'6 inches ; wing 4.3; tail 2'8 to 3-1 ; culmen 0-8 to 0*95 ; 

 tarsus 1*15 to 1*2. The female differs in having the colours less pure. 



Hab. Central, Southern and Western India. 



The White-winged Ground-Thrush has not been found outside the above 

 limits. Jerdon says "it is peculiar to the jungles of Southern India, extend- 

 ing as far as Goomsoor on the east coast and to Bombay on the west side of 

 India. It is most abundant in the forests of Malabar and Wynaad, but it is 

 not rare in the jungle of the Eastern Ghauts. It has also been got in North 

 Canara. Recorded from Travancore, the Neilgherries, Matheran, Malabar 

 Coast, and Behar. It prefers bamboo jungles, feeds on the ground, and 

 generally perches low. Its food consists of insects, as ants, cockroaches and 

 beetles, and not unfrequently stony fruit. Mr. Ward procured the nest in 

 North Canara, made of roots and grass, placed at no great height from the 

 ground. The eggs, three in number, were pale bluish, speckled with brown. 



365. GeOCichla Citrina, (Lath.) Seebohm, Cat. B. Br. Mus. v. 

 p. 172. Turdus citrinus, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 350. Geocichla citrina (Lath) 

 Jerd. B. Ind. i. p. 517, No. 355 ; Hume, Nests and Eggs, Ind. B. p. 229 ; 

 Blyth, B. Burm. p. 99; Oates, Str. F. v. p. 151 ; Hume and Dav., Str. F. 

 vi. p. 250; Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 94; Legge, B. Ceylon p. 457; Scully, Str. 

 F. viii. p. 283; Hume, Str. F. ix. p. 101 ; Oates, B. Br. Burm. i. p. 3. 

 Geocichla andamanensis, Wald. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist,, 1874, p. 56. 

 Geocichla albogularis, Blyth, J. A. S.H.xvi.p. 146. Geocichla innotata, 

 Blyth, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 370. The ORANGE-HEADED GROUND-THRUSH. 



