, AETHORHYNCHUS. H 



intense gamboge yellow. This collar is rarely entirely uniform, as generally 

 a few of the feathers are fringed at the tips with black. Mid-back glossy 

 black, generally with a little of the yellowish bases showing through ; rump 

 pale greenish ; upper tail coverts and tail black, the tail with all the feathers 

 broadly tipped with white, the white not unfrequently running some distance 

 up the margin of the inner, and in a few cases of the outer webs also. Coverts 

 and tertiaries black, both median and greater coverts broadly tipped with 

 white ; primaries and secondaries hair brown, more or less of their outer 

 webs towards their bases blackish and margined, in some very narrowly with 

 white ; abdomen pale gamboge yellow, the sides tinged with greenish ; wing 

 lining and axillaries and more or less of the inner margins of the quills 

 satiny white ; edge of the wings slightly tinged with primrose. (Hume.) 



The females have the under parts a pale mealy yellow, shaded with olive 

 green. The head is similar, but not quite so light; the nape and entire back 

 similar, but strongly overlaid with olive green. The wings and tail are as in 

 the breeding season, except that the wings have the margins, especially of the 

 tertiaries, very conspicuous and much tinged with pale yellow ; that the greater 

 coverts often have pale yellow margins besides the white tips ; and that the 

 central tail feathers are almost entirely greyish white, tipped pure white, and 

 with the outer webs in many specimens more or less shaded with ashy or 

 olivaceous ashy. (Hume, Sir. F. 1877, p. 443.) The soft parts and measure- 

 ments are not given by Hume. 



The range of Marshall's Dwarf Bulbul is given by Mr. Hume as follows : 

 Western India Kutch, Deesa, Anadra at the foot of Mount Aboo, Sambhur, 

 Koochawun, Agra, Muttra, Delhi, Etawah, Jhansi, Sumbulpoor, Allyghur, 

 Meerut, Saharunpoor. It is not correct to call these places Western India. 

 The present geography or distribution of Provinces would bring the localities 

 quoted under the following districts : Punjab, N.-W. Provinces, Oudh, Bengal, 

 Rajputana, Central India, Central Provinces, Kutch, and Guzerat. 



Gen. AethorhynchuS. Sundev. 



Characters the same as those of ^Egitliina tarsus equalling the length of 

 bill or sub-equal with it. 



418. Aethorhynchus lafresnayii, Hartl., Rev. Zool. 1844^.401 ; 



Blyth and Wald., B. Burm., p. 13?; Hume, Str. F. v. p. 423 J Hume and 

 Dav., Str. F. vi. -pp. 328, 516; Hume, Str. F. viii. pp. 63, 99; Oates, 

 B. Br. Burnt, i. p. 204; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. vi. p. 14. lora innotata, 

 Blyth. J . A. S. B. xvi. p. 472. Phoenicomanes iora, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1874, 

 p. 427, pi, liv. LAFRESNAY'S DWARF BULBUL. 



