24 TIMELHD^E. 



Hills, where Captain Wardlaw-Ramsay found it. Davison found it in every 

 portion of Tenasserim, but not ascending the higher hills. It extends, 'ac- 

 cording to Gates, down the Malay Peninsula as far as Tonka, and to the 

 north he says it appears to have a considerable range, having been procured 

 in the Khasia Hills and in Cachar. 



The habits of this Bulbul are not unlike those of the Pycnonotina, group. 

 Several are said to be found together in forests and their outskirts, and the 

 edges of clearings and orchards. Food berries only (Gates,) but there can 

 be no doubt that insects also form part of their food. Nothing is yet known 

 of its nidification. 



434. lole macelellandi (ffon/.), Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mm. vi. 



p. 59; Oates, B. Br. Burin. I p. 178. Hypsipetes macelellandi, Horsf. 

 P, Z. S. 1839, p. 159; Jerd., B. Ind. ii. p. 79, No. 447 ; Hume, Nests and 

 Eggs, Ind. B. p. 281 ; Blyth, B. Burm. p. 133 ; Hume and Dav., Str. F. vi. 

 p. 298 ; Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 98 ; Scully, Str. F. viii. p. 294. The RUFOUS- 

 BELLIED BULBUL. 



Forehead to nape, including crest of pointed feathers, rich brown, the shafts 

 of the feathers buffy white ; whole upper plumage, wing coverts, tertiaries, 

 and tail olive green, in some with faint indications of light shaft stripes ; 

 shafts of the tail feathers blackish above, yellow below ; lores, feathers around 

 and below the eye, cheeks, chin and throat white, the feathers lanceolate and 

 with greyish bases ; ear coverts and sides of the neck chestnut ; breast the same, 

 with pale shaft stripes ; abdomen and flanks pale chestnut ; under tail coverts 

 thighs and vent ochraceous yellow; under wing coverts olive yellow, the 

 auxiliaries tinged with saffron colour ; primaries and secondaries dark brown, 

 edged with olive green ; bill blackish brown above, livid grey or horny below ; 

 irides brownish red or dark red ; feet fleshy brown ; claws horny brown. 



Length. 9 to 9-5 inches; wing 4-3 to 4-4; tail 4-3; tarsus 07; cul- 

 men I. 



The young male is duller in colour than'the adult, and washed with 'rufous 

 on the scapulars, wing coverts, and upper tail-coverts ; under surface of body 

 light chestnut ; the abdomen whitish, washed with dingy olive yellow ; lores, 

 chin and a moustachial line on each side of the throat dull white, mottled with 

 grey bases. (Sharpe.) 



Hab. Himalayan hill ranges to Nepaul, ranging eastward into Assam, the 

 Khasia, Arrakan, and Tipperah Hills. In Sikkim it occurs from 2,000 feet 

 or so. It frequents high trees, lives chiefly on fruit, and has a loud cheerful 

 note. It is said to frequent forests and to be seen commonly in pairs. 



The Rufous-bellied Bulbul, according to Hodgson's notes, breeds in the 

 central region of Nepaul from April to June. The nest is a shallow saucer, 

 made of roots and leaves, bound together with fine fibres and lined with 

 moss roots. It is said to lay 4 eggs, but these have neither been figured nor 

 described. 



