TRICHOLESTES. 31 



coverts more rufescent than the back ; median and greater coverts brown 

 edged narrowly with a tinge of olivaceous on their outer webs ; quills dull 

 brown, inclining to rufescent brown and washed with olivaceous on their outer 

 margins. Under surface of body olive yellowish, purer yellow on the abdo- 

 men and deepening to fawn colour on the under tail coverts ; under wing 

 coverts fawn color washed with yellowish. Bill blackish, pale at base ; legs 

 and feet pale pinkish brown ; irides wood-brown. 



Length. 8-5 inches,- wing 4-0; tail 3-8; tarsus 075; '.culmen 0-9; bill 

 from gape ro. 



Hab. The forests of Sumatra, Borneo, and Malay Peninsula ranging into 

 the evergreen forests of the extreme southern division of Tenasserim. 

 'Sharpe.) Mr. Davison says : " This is eminently a forest Bulbul, never, that 

 I am aware of, coming into gardens or clearings. In its voice and habits it 

 resembles C. griseiceps, and is quite as noisy as that bird, if not more so ; and, 

 like it, goes about in small parties, though I have occasionally seen it in pairs 

 or singly. This bird also never, I believe, descends to the ground." 

 Gen. Tricholestes. Salvad. 



General characters same as those of Criniger. A lunch of long hairs 

 springing from the centre of the back ; rictal bristles long and strong. 



445. Tricholestes Criniger (Blytfi), Hume and Dav. Str. F. vi. 

 p. 304; Tweed. Ibis, 1877, p. 306; Plume, Str. F. viii. p 98; Sharpe, Cat. 

 B. Br. Mus. vi. p. 89 ; Oates, B. Br. Burm. i. p. 186. Brachypodius 

 criniger, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiv. p. 577 ; War dlaiv- Ramsay , Tweed. Mem. 

 App. p. 67. Trichophorus minutus, Hartl. Journ. F. Orn. 1853, p. 156. 

 Tricholestes minutus, Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 205, pi. v. f. I The BRISTLE- 

 BACKED BULBUL. 



Forehead and crown olive brown washed with yellow; hind-neck, back 

 and rump dull olive green ; the lores and sides of the head yellow ; chin and 

 throat whitish ; hind neck and mantle with long black bristly hairs springing 

 from them ; wing coverts brown, washed with dull olive green ; quills brown, 

 externally olive brown ; upper tail coverts and tail feathers fawn or rufous 

 brown ; the outer edges tinged with greenish ; under surface of body yellow, 

 tinged with ashy on the sides of the body and on the breast; under tail 

 coverts yellow. 



Bill pale leaden ; legs and feet light yellow brown ; iris pale sepia brown ; 

 ridge of culmen black. 



Length. 6-5 inches ; wing 3 ; tail 2-8 ; tarsus O'6; bill from gape 075. 



Hab. Java, Sumatra, Borneo and the Malay Peninsula, ranging into the 

 extreme southern portion of Tenasserim. (Sharpe.) According to Davison, 

 the bristle-backed Bulbul keeps together in small parties. Habits much nearer 

 the Timelimaj birds, hunting as they do, the foliage of trees and brushwood 

 for insects, which almost exclusively form their food. 



