76 TIMELIID/E. 



Indian, and the rest are either African or peculiar to Australia, New Guinea, 

 China, and the Malayan Peninsula. The majority of the Indian representatives 

 belong to the great Himalayan mountains ranging east, west and north-west, 

 a few only are residents of the plains, and a smaller number are found in the 

 hill ranges of Bengal extending to Tenasserim, from north to south, alike in 

 the hills and plains. 



Gen. Trochalopterum. Biyth. 



Bill moderate or short, nearly straight, slightly hooked at the tip and dis- 

 tinctly notched ; nostrils nearly covered with bristles ; nasal opening longitu- 

 dinal with a large operculum ; rictal bristles soft and long ; wings short, 

 much rounded, the tertiaries being as long as the primaries ; tail moderately 

 long, broad ; tarsus and feet strong. 



508. Trochalopterum afflne (Btyth), Sharpe, Cat, B. Br. Mus. 



vii. p. 357. Garrulax affinis, Blyth, J ' . A. S. B. xii. p. 950 (ex Hodgs. MS.). 

 Trochalopteron affine, Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 45, No. 419 ; Gould, B. Asia, pt. 

 xxviii. ; Hume, Sir. F. 1879, p. 97. The BLACK-FACED LAUGHING THRUSH. 



Crown of the head dark reddish brown ; sides of the head, lores, sides of 

 face and ear coverts black, the feathers of the hinder part of the ear coverts 

 tipped with white ; cheeks with a broad, fulvous or white band ; on the sides of 

 the neck a dull white patch, the feathers centred with rufescent ; chin and 

 throat black ; lower throat chestnut brown ; foreneck, breast and upper 

 abdomen rufous, the feathers with ashy margins ; lower abdomen pale fulvous 

 brown ; flanks, thighs and undertail coverts olivaceous brown ; upper surface 

 of body reddish brown, the feathers of the upper back with ashy olive tips ; 

 lower back olive brown ; rump olive brown ; upper tail coverts rufous ; wing 

 coverts reddish brown ; the greater series rufous on their outer web ; bastard 

 wing coverts blue grey ; primary coverts blacky forming a patch on 

 the wing ; quills dusky, slaty grey at the ends, rest of outer webs golden 

 olive ; tail dull slaty grey, the feathers golden olive on their outer web ; under 

 wing coverts and axillaries light reddish brown. Bill black ; legs reddish 

 brown ; irides brown. 



Length. 8-8 to 975 inches; wing 3-9 to 4-2 ; tail 4-5 to 5; tarsus 1-5; 

 culmen 0*95. 



Hab. The Eastern Himalaya. Recorded from Darjeeling, Sikkim, Nepaul 

 and Bhootan. It affects elevations of from 8,000 to 9,000 feet, chiefly heavy 

 bamboo jungle. It does not appear to be common, and like others of the 

 genus, frequents roads in search of insects and grain found in cattle dung. 



509. Trochalopterum variegatum ( Vigors), Sharpe, Cat. B. 



Br. Mus. vii. p. 359. Cinclosoma variegatum, Vigors, P. Z. S. 1831, p. 56; 

 Gould, Cent. Him. B. pl.i6. Trochalopteron variegatum, Jerd., B. Ind. ii. 

 p. 45 ; id., Ibis, 1872, p. 305, No. 418 ; Cock and Marshall, Sir. F. 1873, 

 p. 354; Hume, Nests and Eggs, Ind. B. p. 260; id., Sir. F. 1878, p. 457; 



