TROCHALOPTERUM. 79 



sides of the body olivaceous ; the thighs and under tail coverts darker ; under 

 wing coverts and axillaries reddish brown. Bill dusky brown ; legs horny 

 yellow brown ; irides red. 



Length. 10 8 to n inches; wing 4 to 5 ; tail 4*5 to 4*7; tarsus i'55 ; 

 culmen i. 



Hab. Eastern Himalayas from Nepaul to Bhootan. About Darjeeling, 

 Jerdon says, this is about the most common and abundant species. It is often 

 seen on the road feeding on insects and grain from the dung of cattle, hopping 

 away like the Babblers to the nearest thicket on approach of danger. Breeds 

 only in Nepaul, Sikkim and Bhootan. The eggs, according to Jerdon, are 

 greenish blue. 



512. Trochalopterum ruficapillum (Blyth), Sharpe, Cat. B. 



Br. Mus. vii. p. 363. Garrulax ruficapillus, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xx. p. 521. 

 Trochalopteron ruficapillum, Jerd. B.Ind.m.^>. 44; Hume, Sir. F. 1878, 

 p. 385 ; 1879, P- 97- The CHESTNUT-NAPED LAUGHING THRUSH. 



Above ashy olive, upper back lunulated with ashy tips and subterminal bars 

 of reddish brown ; lesser wing coverts olivaceous, washed with reddish ; median 

 and greater coverts deep chestnut brown ; primary coverts golden olive, the 

 bastard wing brighter ; quills blackish golden olive on the outer webs ; the 

 secondaries ashy for their terminal third ; tail olive, golden on the outer webs 

 of the feathers ; forehead and crown grey, slightly washed with rufous ; a 

 bright chestnut patch on the nape ; lores grey ; supercilium hoary grey. Ear 

 coverts deep vinous chestnut red, also the cheeks, throat and foreneck, 

 the latter paler, and with lunate margins of rufescent ; abdomen rufous ; 

 flanks, thighs and under tail coverts ashy olive; axillaries buffish ; under wing 

 coverts washed with chestnut with a hoary grey spot on the edge of the wing. 

 Bill dusky brown ; legs horny brown ; irides reddish. 



Length. 8'6 inches; wing 3-95 ; tail 4-35 ; tarsus 1-6; culmen 0-95. 



Hab. Khasia and the Naga Hills. Very little is known of this species, and 

 specimens are scarce. The description is taken from Sharpe's Catalogue, and 

 is of a male bird. The British Museum possesses but a single skin of an 

 adult female presented by Captain R. G. Ward law- Ram say. 



513. Trochalopterum erythrolaema (Hume], Sharpe, Cat. B. 



Br. Mus. vii. p. 363. Trochalopteron erythrolaema, Hume, Str. F. 1881, 

 p. 154. The RED-THROATED LAUGHING THRUSH. 



Lores and extreme tip of chin dusky ; rest of the entire head and upper 

 neck all round chestnut red, a little brighter on top and a little duller on the 

 throat ; upper breast the same, paling on the upper abdomen and becoming 

 yellower and rustier ; most of the feathers on these parts with subterminal 

 blackish spots and fringed paler; middle of lower abdomen unspotted pale 

 ferruginous ; rest of lower surface, a dull olivaceous earth-brown ; intersca- 

 pulary region a pale greenish olive grey, all the feathers with large subterminal 



