

TROCHALOPTERUM. gj 



1879, p. 97; Reid, Cat. . Prov. Mus. Lucknow, p. 80. The RUFOUS- 

 CHINNED LAUGHING-THRUSH. 



Croivn of the head black, the feathers with ashy grey bases; lores white, 

 forming a conspicuous spot ; eyebrow pale brown, a broad longitudinal patch 

 behind the gape which extends under and behind the ear coverts, which are 

 rufescent, and tipped with black; cheeks ashy, the feathers with a spot of 

 black at the tip ; chin bright rufous ; lower throat white ; above olive brown ; 

 the rump and upper tail coverts slightly rufous ; all the feathers broadly 

 iunated with black ; wing coverts the same ; bastard wing ashy grey, lunated 

 with black ; primary coverts black ; quills dusky ; primaries externally ashy 

 grey, with a black band across the middle ; secondaries like the back, but 

 tipped with white, and with a broad sub-terminal black bar ; tail dark rufescent 

 olivaceous, with a rufous tip and broad bar of black ; foreneck and chest 

 ashy, spotted with black ; centre of breast and abdomen white ; sides of body 

 and flanks pale olive brown, here and there spotted with black ; vent and 

 under tail coverts bright rufous ; under wing coverts and axillaries pale olive 

 brown* Bill horny yellow ; legs fleshy brown ; orbitar skin blue. 



Length. 9 to lo inches; wing 3*6; tail 3*9; tarsus 1*4; culmen 0*95. 



Hab.- Himalayas from the N.-West eastwards to Bhootan, extending to the 

 Khasia Hills. It is also found in Cashmere. In Darjeeling it is fairly 

 common ; also at Mussoorie, where it is known to breed. According to Hutton 

 it is said to breed in May. Eggs 3 ; pure white, a colour unknown in this 

 group of birds. Jerdon says, it is generally seen in flocks, and its call is loud 

 and harsh. The Lucknow Museum has specimens from Almora and Kumaon. 



516. Trochalopterum cineraceum, Godwin- Austen, P. z. S. 



1874, p. 46, pi. xi. ; Gould, B. Asia, pt. xxvii. ; Sharp e, Cat. B. Br. Mus. vii. 

 p. 366. The CINEREOUS LAUGHING-THRUSH. 



Adult Male. (Thobal Valley, Munipur : type of species.) General colour 

 above uniform ashy olive, more fulvescent on the lower back and rump ; the 

 upper tail coverts more decidedly olive ; hind neck and mantle slightly 

 marked with black tips to a few of the feathers ; wing coverts like the back ; 

 bastard wing feathers lavender grey, with broad black centres ; primary coverts 

 black, forming a wing patch ; quills blackish, the primaries externally lavender 

 grey ; the secondaries externally ashy olive, like the back, for two-thirds of 

 Iheir length ; the remaining third blackish like the inner web, with a terminal 

 border of white ; tail feathers ashy olive, tipped with white, before which is a 

 broad sub-terminal band of black ; crown of head black, forming a cap ; 

 feathers at the base of nostrils also black ; lores, feathers round the eye and 

 a broad eyebrow ashy whitish, separated from the ear coverts by a narrow 

 line of black ; ear coverts ashy whitish, fringed behind with isabelline feathers 

 having dusky bases ; cheeks and sides of the neck isabelline brown, spotted 

 with longitudinal black centres ', a black patch below the eye ; under 

 11 



