84 TIMELIID/E. 



Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 48, No. 422 ; Hume, Nests and Eggs, Ind. B. p. 262 ; id. 

 Str. F. 1879, p. 97. The CRIMSON-WINGED LAUGHING-THRUSH. 



Above dark fulvous brown, inclining to r.ufous brown on the upper tail and 

 wing coverts, the outer webs of the latter tinged with crimson ; primary coverts 

 black ; quills black, their outer webs, also the tips of the secondaries and the 

 longer tertiaries crimson ; tail feathers black, tipped with orange, increasing in 

 extent on the lateral feathers. Head more olive brown than the back ; fore- 

 head washed with crimson at the base ; lores, cheeks, ear coverts and sides of 

 the face crimson, also a narrow supercilium, which is separated from the 

 crown by a streak of black ; under surface of the body dark earthy brown, the 

 chin washed with crimson ; under tail coverts crimson ; breast ashy ; wing 

 coverts and auxiliaries like the breast. Bill black ; legs livid brown; irides red 

 brown. 



Length. 8*5 to 9'5 inches ; wing 3-5 ; tail 4* to 4-25 ; tarsus 1*5. 



Hab. Eastern Himalayas : Nepaul, Darjeeling, Sikkim and the Khasia 

 Hills. Abundant in Sikkim at 4,000 to 5,OOO feet elevation. It breeds, 

 according to Hume, at 5> oo ^ eet elevation in moist forests amongst dense 

 under-growths. The nest is placed in shrubs at from 6 to 10 feet high, 

 suspended between several upright stems and attached by fibres. The eggs, 

 three in number, are, in shape, elongated ovals, generally very obtuse at both 

 ends ; ground color, a beautiful clear pale sea-green or greenish blue with 

 deep maroon spots, dashes, cloudy spots, and lines of hieroglyphics. Size 

 0^98 to 1*15 inches by 0*7 to 0*79. 



521. Trochalopterum cachinnans (Jerd.), Sharpc, Cat. B. Br. 



Mus. vii. p. 373. Crateropus cachinnans, Jerd. Madr. Journ. x. p. 255, 

 pi. 7. Garrulax cachinnans, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 952. Trochalopteron 

 cachinnans, Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 48 ; Hume, Nests and Eggs, Ind. B. 

 p. 263 ; id. Sir. F. 1879, p. 97 ; Reid, Cat. JB. Luckn. Mus. p. 80. The 

 NEILGHERRY LAUGHING-THRUSH. 



Above olive brown, the head and nape ashy ; lores and the base of the 

 forehead bkck ; a white eyebrow bordered above and below by a streak of 

 black ; eyelids white ; ear coverts rufous ; base of cheeks, chin and upper 

 throat black ; under sicrface of body bright rufous, lighter on the abdomen ; 

 foreneck, chest and breast deep orange ; the flanks and under . tail coverts 

 olivaceous ; under wing coverts rufous ; quills brown, olivaceous externally, 

 axillaries olive brown. Bill black; legs dusky greenish ; irides fine red. 



Length. -8 to 8-8 inches; wing 3-5 ; tail 3-9; tarsus 1-35 ; culmen 0-8. 



Hab. South India : the Neilgherry Hills, Ootacamund,Kotergherry, Madras 

 and Coonoor are 'localities whence the specimens have been obtained, and 

 are fairly common. According to Jerdon, it is a noisy bird, and is abundant 



