TROCHALOPTERUM. 87 



at the tip, with a white shaft streak ; lower back, rump and Upper tail coverts 

 dull ashy grey, washed slightly with olive ; centre ta?l feathers ashy, washed with 

 olive and barred with dusky under certain lights ; the tips light ashy grey, others 

 fulvous or tawny brown, broadly tipped with ashy grey ; outer feathers blackish 

 brown on their outer webs ; wing coverts like the back ; quills light brown, 

 edged on the outer web with bright tawny brown j the primaries ashy towards 

 their tips ; lores and feathers in front of the eye ashy with white streaks ; over 

 the line a very narrow line of bright rufous, the superciliary plumes tipped with 

 this colour ; ear coverts uniform rufescent ; sides of the head and neck streaked 

 with reddish brown ; cheeks, throat and breast ashy grey with bright rufous 

 centres to the feathers ; rest of under surface dull ashy, slightly washed with 

 olive ; the centre of the abdomen and thighs fulvous brown ; under wing coverts 

 dull fulvous brown. 



Length. 7-5 to 8 inches; wing 3-1 ; tail 3-8 ; tarsus I ; culmen 07. 



Hab. Himalayas, from Gilgit to Nepaul. Recorded from both localities, 

 also Beluchistan, Cashmere, Ramgurh, Simla, and Kumaon. Adams found it 

 living in flocks, and very tame, and says it has a low chattering note. Hutton 

 says it is seen in pairs of four or five together ; while Hume says (Nests and 

 Eggs) that next to the common house-sparrow, the Streaked Laughing-Thrush 

 is perhaps the most familiar bird about our houses at all the hill-stations of 

 the Himalayas westward of Nepaul, and throughout the lower ranges on which 

 these stations are situated, and breeds at elevations of from S,OOO to 8,ooO 

 feet. It lays from the end of April to the beginning of September and possibly 

 earlier. Nests have been taken at Mussoorie, also at Almorah, Murree and 

 Simla. Mr, Hume's experience is that the nests are always placed in very thick 

 bushes, or in low thick branches of some tree about 4 feet from the ground. 

 As a rule, the nest is concealed. It is nearly circular with a deep cup-like 

 cavity in the centre, and constructed of dry grass and the fine stems of herba- 

 ceous plants, intermixed with fibres and dead leaves. Eggs, 3 in number, 

 spotless, delicate pale greenish blue. Size o'S to 1-13 x '63 to o - 8 inches. 



526. Trochalopterum imbricatum (BiytJi), Sharps, Cat. B. 



Br. Mus. vii. p. 379. Garrulax imbricatus, Elyth, J. A. S. . xii. p. 951. 

 Trochalopteron setifer (Hodgs.), Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 51. Trochalopteron 

 imbricatum (Blyth\ Hume, Nests and Eggs y Ind. B. p. 266; id. Sir. F. 

 1879, p. 97. The BRISTLY LAUGHING-THRUSH. 



Above dark rufescent brown, darker on the head and more rufous on the 

 wings and tail ; the crown of the head with dusky shaft streaks, and the back 

 with mesial whitish shaft lines ; lower back, rump and upper tail coverts dark 

 ashy olive brown with nearly obsolete tiny tips of fulvous at the ends of the 

 shafts ; quills dark brown margined on their outer webs with dark fulvous 

 brown ; the inner secondaries deep rufous brown, the primaries ashy grey on 

 the outer webs towards the tip. Tail feathers rufous brown, dusky towards 



