GARRULAX. 



brown ; primaries externally ashy brown ; the secondaries rufous brown on 

 the outer web ; tail dark brown, slightly washed with rufous brown near the 

 base ; throat dark ashy grey streaked with white ; under surface dull rusty 

 rufous ; under tail coverts dark ochraceous brown ; thighs dark slaty grey. 

 Bill dusky black, plumbeous at the tip ; legs leaden brown ; irides red brown. 



Length. 7-5 to 8-5 inches; wing 2*9 to 3 ; tail 3-3 to 4-5 ; tarsus n to 1-25 ; 

 culmen 2*1. 



Hab Sikkim, at elevations of 3,OOO to 6,000 feet, where, according to 

 Hodgson's notes, it breeds during the months of May and June. Nest a 

 large globular structure composed of dry bamboo leaves and green grass inter- 

 mingled and lined with fine roots and fibres placed in tufts of high grass or in 

 thick bushes. Eggs 4 in number, pure white. 



Gen. Garrulax. Less. 



Bill nearly straight, rather long, moderately stout, the culmen shorter than the 

 tarsus, gently curved towards the tip, which is slightly hooked and notched ; nos- 

 trils rounded, pierced in the anterior part of the nasal depression, more or less 

 impended by nareal tufts ; rictal bristles long and strong, not reaching much 

 beyond the nostrils ; the feet outstretched does not reach the end of the tail ; 

 wings moderate, 5th and 6th quills generally the longest; tail long, much 

 rounded ; legs and feet strong ; claws long. 



Birds of moderately large size, the largest averaging 12 inches; plumage 

 lax and disunited; coloration plain ; head crested or not. 



559. Garrulax leucolophus (Hardw.), Blyth, y. A. S. B. xii. 

 p. 948; xiv. p. 598; Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 35, No. 407; Hume, Nests and 

 Egg s > I >l d> < P. 253;. Blyth, B. Burm. p. 107; Brooks, Str. F. 1875, 

 p. 238; Hume, Sir. F. 1879, p. 96; Scully, t. c. p.. 289; Oatcs, B. Br. 

 Bunn.Tp. 34; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. vii. p. 435. Corvus leucolophus, 

 JJard. Trans. Linn. Soc. xi. p. 208, pi. 15. Crateropus leucolophus, Blyth, 

 J . A. Sr B. xi. p. 179. Garrulax Belangeri, Blanf., Ibis, 1870, p. 467 (nee. 

 Less}. The WHITE-CRESTED LAUGHING-THRUSH. 



Head and crest, chin, cheeks, throat, breast and foreneck white ; the occiput 

 greyish and the breast shaded with chestnut ; a narrow black streak from the 

 nostrils through the eye to the ear coverts ; a band of rufous round the hind 

 neck ; chest chestnut ; back, wing coverts, abdomen, flanks, sides of the breast, 

 thighs and under tail coverts rufescent olive brown ; under wing coverts and 

 axillaries dark olive brown ; quills dark brown, the outer webs olive brown ; 

 tail blackish 'brown, washed with olive brown near the base. 



The young is more rufous brown on the back and lower surface. Bill 

 black ; legs plumbeous ; irides red brown or brownish yellow. 



