MOTACILLA. 279 



back and crown ; rump and upper tail coverts sulphur yellow, tinged with 

 olive ; a short streak from the eye over the ear coverts and a moustacial stripe 

 white ; three middle pairs of tail feathers black, slightly edged with yellow on 

 the outer webs ; the next two pairs black on the outer webs and white on the 

 inner; the outer pair all white ; wing coverts dark brown edged paler; quills 

 dark brown ; the tertiaries edged broadly with yellowish white. The birds found 

 in India during winter with a buff coloured throat and eyebrow are immature. 

 Hab. Central and Southern Europe, N.-E. Africa, Australia and Asia 

 Minor. Occurs throughout India to Nepaul and Ceylon as a winter visitant ; 

 also in Sind, Punjab, and N.-W. Provinces ; Beloochistan, Persia and Afghan- 

 istan ; Kutch, Katliawar, Jodhpore, Jeypore, North Guzerat, Concan, 

 Deccan, and Central and Southern India ; also the Indo-Burmese countries, 

 China, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java and Borneo. Breeds in Cashmere, 

 according to Brooks, along the mountain streams at elevations of above 6,000 

 feet during the month of May. Eggs, 4 5 in number, nearly uniform in 

 shape and size, broad ovals at the larger end and much compressed and 

 pointed at the smaller end. Typically the ground colour is yellowish or 

 brownish white, closely mottled and clouded all over with pale yellowish 

 brown or brownish yellow. In length the eggs vary from 0*68 to 0*73 and in 

 breadth from 0*53 to o'SS- 



789. Motacilla Citreola, Pall., Reis. Russ. Reichs., \\\. App. 

 p. 696 ; Gm., Syst. Nat. i. p. 963 ; Tern., Man. cVOrn. p. 259 ; Gould, B. Eur. 

 ii. pi. 144 ; Dresser, B. Eur. iii. p. 245 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mns. x. p. 503. 

 Budytes aureocapilla, Less.) Traite p. 422; Hume, Lahore to Yark. p. 225. 

 Budytes citreola, Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 90 ; Jerd., Madr. Journ. xi. p. 9; 

 Bp., Consp. Av. i. p. 250; Hume, Ibis, 1870, p. 142; Wald. y t. c. p. 293; 

 Brooks, J. A. S. B. xli. p. 82; Ball, Sir. F. 1873, p. 73; Hume, t. c. 

 p. 202 ; Adam, t. c. p. 384 ; Hume, Sir. F. 1874, p. 239 ; Blanf., East. Pers. 

 ii p. 235 ; Murray, H'dbk. ZooL, 8fc., Sind., p. 1 68 ; id., Vert. Zool. Sind, 

 p. 169. Budytes calcarata, Hodgs., Asia/. Res. xix. p. 190. The GREY- 

 BACKED YELLOW WAGTAIL. 



Adult. Forehead, crown of head, sides of the face, car coverts, chin, 

 throat, breast, and entire under surface bright yellow, paler on the vent, and 

 nearly white on the under tail coverts ; nape and upper back black ; lower 

 back and scapulars dark grey ; rump and upper tail coverts pale or dark 

 brown or yellowish green, the feathers edged with greenish ; primaries and 

 secondaries dusky; tertiaries dark' brown; the primaries and secondaries 

 faintly edged and tipped with white, and the tertiaries broadly so, all basally 

 white on their inner webs ; lesser wing coverts like the back and tipped brown ; 

 median and greater coverts brown, edged with white and forming two conspicu- 

 ous white or yellowish white bands ; the second band oblique in the closed 

 wing, being formed by the white of the greater coverts, and that of the inner- 

 most tertiaries, the longest of which is nearly equal in length with the 4th 



