280 MOTACILLID/E. 



primary ; under wing coverts white ; tail black ; the feathers with a faint tinge 

 of whitish on their outer webs ; the two outermost tail feathers on each side 

 white, with a brown margin on their inner webs, to about half an inch from 

 the tip ; the next black, with the edge of the outer web and tip white. Bill 

 and legs pale brown ; irides brown. 



Length. 7*1 inches; wing 3*18 ; tail 2*75 ; bill at front O'4. 



The adult female is much browner above and has not the yellow head, 

 which is dull olive greenish, with the eyelid and a distinct eyebrow yellow ; 

 the cheeks and under surface of the body are yellow. The adult male in 

 winter plumage is very pale yellow, and the forehead and sides of the crown 

 only are yellow, the top of the head being dusky greenish. 



Hab. E. Europe, Africa ; Sind, Punjab, N.-W. Provinces, Oudh, Bengal, 

 Kutch, Kattiawar, Rajputana, Deccan ; Beloochistan, Persia, Afghanistan, 

 and E. Turkestan ; Nepaul, Gilgit, N.-W. and Central India, Darjeeling, Assam 

 and Bhamo. Breeds in Cashmere, where Mr. Theobald found the nest placed 

 in a depression in soft earth beneath a rock. Eggs, four in number, pale grey, 

 dotted with greyish brown. 



790, Motacilla CitreoloideS (Hodgs.}, Gray, Hand.-l. J5. i. 

 p. 247. Budytes citreoloides, Hodgs. in Gray's Zool. HPisc. 1844, p. 83; 

 Gould, B. Asia t iv. pi. 64; Butler and Hume, Sir. F. 1875, p. 490; Butler, 

 Sir. F. 1877, p. 230. Budytes citreola, Blyih, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. 

 p. 138; Jtrd., B. Lid. ii. p. 225, No. 594 (nee. Pall.); Hume, Sir. F. 1873, 

 p. 202 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. x. p. 50. Budytes calcaratus, Blylh, Ibis, 

 1865, p 49; Wald.t Ibis, 1869, p. 214; Hume, Nests and Eggs, Ind. B. 

 p. 382 ; Wald., B. Burmah, p. 96 ; Brooks, Sir. F. 1876, p. 502 ; Fairb., t. c. 

 p. 560; Hume andl)av. t Sir. F. 1878, p. 364 ; Reid, Sir. F. 1881, p. 48 ; 

 Gates, B. Br. Burm. i. p. 163. The BLACK BACKED YELLOW WAGTAIL. 



Adult male in breeding plumage. Entire head, chin, throat, breast, and 

 under surface bright yellow; back, rump and upper tail coverts dark brown, 

 nearly black ; lesser wing coverts dark grey ; median and greater wing-coverts 

 dark brown, margined and tipped with white ; the tertiaries broadly margined 

 with white ; primaries and secondaries dark brown on their outer webs, dusky 

 on their inner, and with whitish margins ; tail dark brown or black, the feathers 

 very narrowly edged with greenish ; the four outermost white, except a dusky 

 brown margin on the inner web for three-fourths their length. In winter the 

 adult is light ashy grey above, the nape and sides of the breast darker ; head 

 and under surface yellow, olivaceous on the flanks ; primaries dusky, edged 

 with greyish white on their outer webs ; secondaries dusky ; tertiaries darker, 

 broadly margined with white ; wing coverts brown, broadly tipped with white, 

 forming two conspicuous wing bands ; lower tail coverts albescent or very 

 pale yellow ; tail as in the breeding plumage. Bill and legs black ; irides 

 brown. 



