

ANTHUS. 287 



and not numerous ; wing coverts olive brown, also mesially streaked with dark 

 brown; primary coverts edged with fulvous; quills blackish, edged with pale 

 olivaceous ; the first primary with bullish white ; fifth primary shorter than 

 the first and equal in length to the long secondaries ; 2nd to 5th emarginate ; 

 upper tail coverts and tail blackish edged with paler brown, the tail with 

 pale sandy buff ; outer tail feathers smoky brown, whitish at tip ; the 

 inner web with an oblique mark of dark brown; third feather with an 

 irregular wedge-shaped spot of white at the end of the 'inner web ; superci- 

 lium extending from the base of the nostril to above the ear-coverts white ; 

 ear-coverts and feathers below the eye reddish brown ; lores blackish ; cheeks 

 rich sandy buff brighter on the throat and foreneck as well as the sides of 

 the body ; foreneck, chest and sides streaked with black ; under tail coverts 

 rich sandy buff ; auxiliaries paler sandy buff, washed with olive near the edge 

 of the wing ; bill blackish ; legs pale brown ; irides dark brown. 



Length. 6-5 inches ; wing 2-95 ; tail 27 ; tarsus 0-95 ; culmen 0*55. 

 Hind claw stout and strongly curved, shorter than the hind toe. 



Hab. Hills of Southern India (the Neilgherries), where only it is found 

 and is a permanent resident. Breeds during May at an elevation of about 

 6,500 feet, making a shallow cup of grass loosely put together and lined with 

 finer grass. According to Davison (Hume) the nest is placed under a tuft of 

 grass or bush on the side of a hill. The eggs, two or three in number, are 

 pale dingy greenish brown, thickly mottled with a darker shade. In length the 

 eggs vary from 079 to 0-89, and in breadth from 0-59 to 0*62. 



798. Anthus sordidus, Rupp. Neue, Wirb. Aves, p. 103, pi. 39, 



fig. i. Anthus similis, Jerd.> Madr, Journ. xi. p. 36; id. III. Ind. Orn. 

 pi. 45. Agrodroma cinnamomea, Jerd., B. Ind. ii. p. 235. Agrodroma 

 similis, Hume, Nests and Eggs, Ind. B. p. 385 ; id., Sir. F. 1873, p, 203 ; 

 Fairb., Sir. F. 1876, p. 260; Butler, B. Bom. Pres. p. 56; Davison, 

 Str. F. 1883, p. 397. Agrodroma sordida, An/in and Salvad, Viagg. 

 Bogos, p. 1 10; Butler, Sir. F. 1878, ii. p. 183; Hume, Str. F. 1879, 



p. 103; Reid, Str. F. 1881, p. 49; Davidson, Str. F. 1882, p. 311. The 



RUFOUS ROCK PIPIT. 



Above dusky brown, the feathers edged with pale ferruginous ; upper tail 

 coverts the same, much lengthened ; lesser wing coverts like the back ; 

 median and greater series dark brown, broadly edged with pale ferruginous ; 

 primaries and their coverts dark brown narrowly edged with fulvescent ; tail 

 dark brown, margined with pale ferruginous or fulvous, the outer web of 

 the outermost being entirely of this color, the penultimate feather with a 

 triangular spot of ferruginous at the tip ; supercilium pale ferruginous ; ear 

 coverts the same but tipped with dusky; chin fulvescent white ; cheeks and 

 throat, also the under surface of the body, pale ferruginous ; the foreneck and 

 breast streaked with triangular dusky spots, and a few spots along the mous- 



