ANTHUS. 291 



broadly tipped and edged with the same colour ; tail dark brown, the feathers 

 edged fulvous, the centre feathers broadly edged with fawn, the outermost 

 feather on each side white, basally dark shafted, and margined on the inner 

 web with brown, the next, edged on the outer web, tipped, and for about an 

 inch running up the inner web, whitish ; the shaft and rest of the feathers 

 brown. Bill horny ; lower mandible yellowish ; legs yellowish. 



Length. 7 to 7-25 inches ; wing 3*6; tail 275 to 3; tarsus nearly I ; bill 

 at front 0*5. 



Hab. Central and Southern Europe, N. and W. Africa, Central and Southern 

 India, Sind, Punjab, N.-W. Provinces and Bengal ; also Beloochistan, Persia, 

 Afghanistan, Kutch, Kattiawar, Jodhpore, Jeypore, N. Guzerat, Concan and 

 Deccan. Winters in the plains of India, arriving in September and departing 

 in April. It affects barren, open, stony land. 



803. AnthuS rufulus, Vieill, N. Diet. d'Hisl. Nat. xxvi. p. 494 ; 

 Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 437 ; JBp. t Consp. Av. i. p. 248 ; Layard, Ann. and 

 Mag. Nat. Hist. xii. p. 268. Anthus cinnamomeus, Rupp., Neue Wirb. p. 103 ; 

 Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. x. p. 574. Anthus malayensis, Eyton, P. Z. S. 

 1839, p 104 ; Blyth, J. A. S. B. xi. p. 797 ; Hume, Str. F. 1874, p. 497 ; 

 Tweed. t Ibis, 1877, p. 310; Hume and Damson, Str. F. 1878, p. 366; Hume, 

 Str. F. 1879, pp. 65, 103. Agrodroma agilis, Jerd., Madr. Journ. xi- 

 p. 33. Cichlops ubiquitarius, Hodgs., Icon, ined- in Br. Mus. Passeres, pi. 

 1 22 A. Anthus caffer, Sundev., (Efv. K. Vet. Akad. Fork. Stockh; Layard, 

 Ibis, 1869, p. 368. Anthus raalteni, Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 248. Corydalla 

 rufula, Kelaart, Prodr. Fauna. Zeyl. Cat. p. 121 ; Jerd., B. Ind. ii. p. 232; 

 Blanf., Ibis, 1880, p. 469 ; Holdsw., P. Z. S. 1872, p. 458 ; Hume, Nests and 

 Eggs, Ind. B. p. 384; Brooks, Str. F. 1873, p. 359; Ball, Str. F. 1874, 

 p. 416 ; Hume t. c. p. 497 ; Blyth and Walden, B. Burm. p. 96; Fairb., Str. 

 F. 1876, p. 260; Armstrong, t. c. p. 330 ; Botird., t. c. p. 401 ; Fairb., Str. F. 

 1877, p. 407 ; Legge, B. Ceylon, p. 625 ; Hume, Str. F. 1879, p. 103 ; Vidal, 

 Str. F. 1880, p. 69; Reid, Str, F. 1881, p. 49; Davidson, Str. F. 1882, 

 p. 310; Gates, B. Br. Burm. i. p. 168 ; Davison, Str. F. 1883, p. 397; 

 Scully, Str. F. viii. p. 317. Corydalla rufulus, Murray, HdHk., ZooL, &.c., 

 Sind, p. 160; id., Vert. Zool. Sind, p. 172. The INDIAN TIT LARK. 



Head, nape, back, scapulars and upper tail coverts olive brown, the feathers 

 with dark mesial streaks ; rump unstreaked pale olive ; supercilium fulvous 

 white; chin white; throat, breast and rest of under surface, including the 

 under wing coverts fulvous white, deeper on the breast and sides of the throat, 

 the feathers of which are centred darker ; primaries, secondaries, tertiaries and 

 wing coverts brown ; the primaries slightly paler brown and edged externally 

 with fulvous white ; the secondaries edged with light olive brown and tipped 

 whitish ; the tertiaries broadly edged externally with pale olive or fawn brown, 

 all, except the innermost tertiaries, fulvous and basally whitish on their inner 



