310 FRINGILLID^E. 



ashy, whitish on the abdominal region and tinged with fulvous on the sides 

 of the breast, flanks and under tail coverts. Bill black ; iris brown ; legs 

 flesh colour. 



Length. 5-6 inches ; wing 2-75 ; tail 2*3 ; tarsus 07 ; oilmen o'45- 



Hob. The greater part of Europe, and eastward through Siberia to Japan 

 and China. It is also found in N.-E. Africa, Central Asia, Persia, aftd Afghan- 

 istan, as well as in the Himalaya mountains, eastwards to Assam, Burmah, 

 and through Tenasserim and the Malay Penninsula to Java. It is recorded 

 from Nepaul, Sikkim, Darjeeling, Kashgar, Yarkand, and Kandahar ; also from 

 the Deccan, and in Burmah from Pegu, Bassein, Bhamo, Mergui, Tavoy, 

 Poongyah, and Pakchan, where it almost replaces Passer domesticus. 



832. Passer domesticUS, (Linn.'}, Pall. Zoogr. Rosso. Asia/, ii. 

 p. 29 ; McGill. Brit. B. I. p. 340 ; Shelley, B. Egypt, p. 148 ; Blanf., East. 

 Pers. ii. p. 254; Hume, Sir. F. 1878, ii. p. 64 ; Legge, B. Ceylon, p, 600. 

 Fringilla domestica, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 323. Pyrgita domestica, Cuv. 

 JRegne. Anim. i. p. 385. Passer Indicus, Jerd, and Selby, 111. Orn. iii. 

 p. 1 18 ; Jerd.) B. Ind. ii. p. 362 ; Hume, Nests and Eggs, Ind. B. p. 457; 

 Blanf., East. Persia, ii. p. 254; Oales, B. Br. Burm. I. p. 346; Murray, 

 Vert. Zool. Sind, p. 183. The COMMON HOUSE-SPARROW. 



Male. Head and nape dark grey ; lores, feathers below the eye, sides of the 

 lower mandible, chin, throat and breast black ; mantle and scapulars chestnut 

 with dark mesial streaks; rump and upper tail-coverts ashy brown; lesser wing 

 coverts chestnut, the last row or series of feathers dark brown at the base and 

 tipped with white ; the greater series dark brown, edged with rufescent and 

 tipped with fulvous white ; primaries, secondaries, and tertiaries dusky brown, 

 edged with rufous, paler and narrow on the primaries, which are darkish 

 brown on the middle of their outer webs ; tertiaries tipped with fulvous white ; 

 sides of the face and neck and entire under surface white, the flanks cinereous ; 

 tail dusky or pale brown, the feathers edged with fulvous brown. 



The female is pale earthy or light brown, with a fulvous supercilium 

 extending to the nape and the lower parts less pure white ; bill horny brown ; 

 legs dusky ; irides light brown. 



Length. 5-25 to 6 inches ; wing 3 ; tail 2-25 ; tarsus 0-65 ; culmen 0-4, 



Hab. Throughout India to the Himalayas, Ceylon, Assam and Upper 

 Pegu ; also Beloochistan, Persia, and Afghanistan. Its nidification is too 

 well known to need description. 



833. Passer pyrrhonotus, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xiii. p. 946; 



Bp. Consp. i. p. 508; Jerd., B. 2nd- ii. p. 365 ; Hume, Sir. F. 1873, P- 2O 95 

 Scrope Doig. Sir. F. 1880, p. 280; Murray, Vert. Zool. Sind, p. 184; 

 Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. xii. p. 316. The SIND SPARROW. 



