324 FRINGILLID^F. 



Hab. The greater part of Europe, and Northern Asia to Japan and North 

 China, the Himalayas, Nepaul, Sikkim, and Thibet. 



Gen. Pyrrhula. Briss. 



Bill short, as high as its greatest length and breadth ; tip slightly compressed 

 and overhanging; 2nd, 3rd, and 4th primaries subequal and longest, the 1st 

 and 5th shorter ; sole of the foot broad, the feet formed for perching ; tail 

 emarginate. 



854. Pyrrhula erythrocephala, Vigors, P. Z. S. 1831, p. 174; 



Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. xii. p. 457; Gould, Cent. Him. B. pi. 32; id., 

 B. Asia, pi. 35; Gray and Mitch., Gen B.ii., p. 387; Bp. Consp. Av. 

 p. 525 ; Jerd. B. Ind. ii. p. 389. The RED-HEADED BULLFINCH. 

 Head dull crimson, continued round the sides of the neck and more or less 

 on the ear coverts ; lores, feathers below the eye, eyelids, forepart of cheeks, 

 chin and a narrow band on the forehead and round the base of the bill black, 

 set off with whitish passing into the red of the hinder cheeks ; back, scapulars 

 and wing coverts dull reddish ashy ; rump, upper tail coverts and tail 

 purplish black, the outermost feathers of the latter black ; median coverts, 

 wings and tail glossy black; greater coverts ashy terminally and purplish 

 black basally ; lower throat ashy grey tinged with red ; sides of the neck and 

 body, foreneck and breast pale vermilion ; abdomen ashy grey, white towards 

 the vent and on the under tail coverts ; thighs ashy grey ; under tail-coverts 

 white ; under wing coverts and axillaries whitish, the latter more ashy and with 

 a reddish tinge. Bill black ; legs pale fleshy brown. 



Length. 5*4 inches ; wing 3 to 3'2 inches; tail 2-4; tarsus 0*7 ; culmenO'4. 



The female has the head and neck dull greenish yellow, the back browner 

 than in the male, and the lower parts pale brown. 



Bill black ; legs pale fleshy brown ; irides light brown. 



Length. 6 inches ; wing 3*1 to 3-2 ; tail 275. 



Hab. The Himalayas ; Jerdon says more common in the N.-West, some- 

 times rare in the S.-East. He procured it at Darjeeling, where it is only a 

 winter visitant. It has also been recorded from Sikkim and from Mussoorie, 

 where, according to Blyth (Jerd.), it feeds on the ground, as well as on berry 

 bearing bushes, and perches high on the top of trees. Kotegurh, Simla apd 

 Nepaul are other recorded localities. 



855. Pyrrhula nipalensis, Hodgs., Asiat. Res. xix. p. 155 ; id. 



Icon. ined. in Br. Mus. pi. 330 fig. I ; Blyth, Cat Mus. As. Soc. Calc. 

 p. 122; Bp. Consp. Av. i. p. 525 ; Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 27 ; Jerd. B. Ind., 

 ii. p. 390, No. 731 ; Hume, Sir. F. 1879, p. 108 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. 

 Mus. xii. p. 453. The BROWN BULLFINCH. 



Above drab brown, smeared with slaty cinereous ; rump, upper tail coverts, 

 wings and tail glossy black, the rump with a white band across it; outer web 



