EMBERIZA. 327 



scapulars centred with black and the latter with black bases ; greater coverts 

 black with chestnut margins and sandy buff outer edges ; bastard wing and 

 primary coverts dusky brown, edged with ashy or pale rufous, which color also 

 fringes the outer webs of the quills, which are blackish ; tail dark brown, margined 

 with whitey brown, the outer pairs of feathers white on the outer web, except a 

 dusky mark at the tip ; the inner web white at the base only ; crown of the 

 head, sides of the face, ear coverts, throat and foreneck black ; sides of the neck, 

 a demi collar on the neck, cheek, under tail coverts, axillaries, under wing 

 coverts and under surface of the body white ; the sides of the body streaked 

 with b'lack, also the flanks ; sides of the breast ashy grey with narrow streaks of 

 black ; thighs brown. 



Length. 6 inches ; wing 3 ; tail 2-6 ; tarsus 0-75 ; culmen 0-45. 



In winter the upper plumage is rufous chestnut with narrow central black 

 streaks, and the black of the head, throat and neck is fringed with sandy brown. 



The adult female in breeding plumage has the head reddish brown instead 

 of black, the feathers mesially streaked with black like the back ; ear coverts 

 reddish brown ; above the eye a streak of sandy buff ; cheeks white ; hind neck 

 ashy with central black streaks ; foreneck rufous and also streaked with black ; 

 under surface of body white, the sides streaked with dusky. 



Length. 5*2 inches ; wing 2^9 ; tail 2*4 ; tarsus 07; culmen 0*45. 



flab. The whole of Europe extending as far as Kamtschatka, reaching in 

 winter to the N.-W. Provinces of India in the Punjab and S. Afghanistan. 



860. Emberiza pUSilla, Pall., Reis. Russ. Reichs, iii. p. 697 ; Blyth, 

 J.A.S. B. xv. p. 40 ; id. Ibis, 1867, p. 42 ; Gould, B. Asia, v. pi. 7 ; Hume, 

 Sir. F. 1876, pp. 279, 29; Anderson, Zool. Exped. Yunan Aves, p. 604; 

 Hume and Dav. Sir. F. 1878, p. 407 ; Secbohm, Ibis, 1882, p. 379 ; Oates, B. 

 Br. Burm. i. p. 343; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. xii. p. 487. Ocyris oinops, 

 Hodgs., Icon. ined. in Br. Mus. Passeres, pi. 292. The DWARF BUNTING. 



Upper plumage streaked with black, rufous and grey ; forehead to nape over 

 the crown light chestnut and a similar line over the ear coverts ; lores, sides 

 of the face, ear coverts and throat light or vinous chestnut, with a black 

 moustachial line extending behind the ear coverts ; hind neck and sides of the 

 neck pale chestnut streaked with whitish ; chin and upper throat pale chestnut ; 

 lower throat and under surface of the body dull white, streaked with black ; 

 under wing coverts and axillaries white ; wing coverts brown edged with 

 rufous, the median series broadly tipped with rufous forming a wing bar ; 

 bastard wing, primary coverts and quills blackish, fringed on the outer web 

 with brown, the primaries margined with ashy brown and the secondaries with 

 rufous; tail brown or blackish brown edged with lighter brown, the penultimate 

 feathers with a white diagonal or wedge-shaped bar of white on the inner web, 

 the outer pair with a larger band extending to both webs. 

 VOL. II. 43 



