feMBERIZA, 331 



During winter the male has no black on the head ; the upper plumage is 

 chestnut with very broad greyish yellow fringes ; the ear coverts are purplish 

 brown marked with yellow; the chin and throat are deep yellow like the breast 

 .and abdomen ; the pectoral band becomes obscure by the yellow fringe to the 

 feathers, and the greater coverts are rufous instead of white. 



The female at all seasons has the head chestnut brown, streaked with dark 

 brown ; the nape, back of the neck, back and scapulars olive brown more or less 

 tinged with chestnut brown and with dark brown streaks ; rump pale chestnut 

 edged with grey ; upper tail coverts brown centred darker ; all the wing coverts 

 and quills brown, the median series broadly tipped with white and the greater 

 ones and quills edged on the outer webs with pale rufous brown ; supercilium 

 reaching to the nape yellowish white ; chin and throat whitish ; breast, sides 

 of the neck and abdomen bright yellow, tinged with brown across the breast ; 

 vent and under tail coverts pale yellow ; iris rich brown ; upper mandible dark 

 brown ; lower fleshy brown ; feet and claws pinkish brown. 



Length. 5-75 to 6'2 inches ; wing 3 ; tail 2-4 ; tarsus 0-85. 



Hab. Northern Europe and Siberia, wintering in the Burmese countries. 

 Found in Nepaul, Assam, Sikkim, Cachar, Munipur, Pegu, Bhamo, Johore 

 and the Nicobars. It is a winter visitor to the whole of Burmah, arriving in 

 October and leaving in May. Like the last it affects corn crops- The nest is 

 said to be placed on or near the ground. It is made of dry bents and lined 

 with hair. Eggs, 46, greenish, clouded with purplish grey and marked with 

 some dark scrawls. 



865- Emberiza rutila, Pall., Rets. Russ. Reichs. \\\. p. 698; Blyth, 

 B. JBurm. p. 95; Dav. et Oust. Oi's Chine, p. 331 ; War dlaw- Ramsay, Ibis, 

 1877, p. 462 ; Oates, Sir. F. x. p. 234 ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Br. Mus. xii.p. 514. 

 Euspiza rutila, Bp. Consp. i. p. 469: Hume and Dav. Sir. F. 1878, p. 408; 

 Hume, Str. F. 1879, p. 107. Citrinella rutila, Hume, Str. F. 1875, p. 117. 

 The CHESTNUT BUNTING. 



Entire head and upper breast and the whole upper plumage including the 

 wing coverts chestnut, the feathers except those of the rump fringed with olive 

 greyish; primaries, secondaries and primary coverts brown, the primaries edged 

 on the outer webs with ashy and the inner secondaries with chestnut ; tail 

 brown, margined with olive or lighter brown, the two outer feathers with a 

 small whitish mark near the tip on the outer web ; foreneck chestnut, rest of 

 under surface of the body sulphur yellow ; the thighs and under tail coverts 

 sulphur yellow ; sides of the body and flanks olive greenish, streaked with 

 dusky ; axillaries and under wing coverts yellowish white, the bases yellow. 

 Legs and feet grey ; iris brownish rufous. 



Length. 5 inches; wing 2*95 ; tail 2*25 ; tarsus 0*7; culmen 0*45. 



The female has the top of the head, neck, back, and scapulars olive brown, 

 broadly streaked with black on the mantle and back ; hind neck the same but 



