CALENDRELLA. 355 



Gen. Calendrella. Kaup. 



Bill short, sub-conic ; wings long ; ist primary minute ; 2nd, 3rd and 4th 

 equal and longest ; tertiaries elongated, nearly as long as the primaries ; feet 

 small; toes and claws short ; hind claw straight. 



898. Calendrella brachydactyla (Zm/.), Jerd., B. Ind. ii. 426, 



No. 761; Bl/., East. Pers. ii. p. 242; Murray, Hdblt., Zool., &c., Sind, 

 p. 187. Alauda calendrella, Bonelli, Naum. vogt. t. 98, 2 ; Gould, B. Eur- 

 pi. 163. The SHORT-TOED or SOCIAL LARK. 



Eead, nape, back, scapulars and rump pale rufous brown, the feathers with 

 dark centres ; upper tail coverts paler, with fulvous edgings and dark shaft- 

 streaks ; supercilium fulvous white ; chin and throat whitish ; breast and rest 

 of under surface fulvous white, with a brownish tinge on the breast, which in 

 some is spotless, in others with a few faint brown spots ; under tail coverts 

 white ; wing coverts, primaries, secondaries and tertiaries dusky brown, the 

 outer margin of the first (2nd) long primary pale fulvous, and the secondaries 

 and tertials with pale rufous edgings, broader on the tertials ; edge of the 

 wing pale white ; tail dusky, with the outermost feather fulvous white, except 

 an oblique dusky streak on the inner margin of the inner web ; the next 

 feather white on the outer web only, all the others, in some specimens tipped 

 whitish, in others not tipped ; central tail feathers with broad rufescent 

 edgings ; bill horny, dusky on the ridge of upper mandible to the tip j 

 legs brown ; irides dark brown. 



Length. 6 to 6*25 inches; wing 4; tail 2-25 ; tarsus O'8. 



Hab. Europe, Asia and Africa. Found throughout India to the foot of 

 the Himalayas. Common in Sind, the Punjab, N.-W. Provinces and Bengal j 

 Kutch, Kattiawar, Rajputana generally and North Guzerat ; also Khandeish and 

 Central India, less numerous in parts of Southern India. In the Concan and 

 Deccan it is extremely common, as also in Beloochistan, Persia, S. Afghanis- 

 tan, and E. Turkistan. Breeds in Sind during April and May. 



Gen. Melanocorypha - 



Bill thick and convex; tertiaries not elongated; hind claw moderate 

 straight. 



899. Melanocorypha bimaculata, Menet., Cat. Rais. p. 37; 



Sharpe, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. vol. viii. p. 180, Series 4, 1871 ; Blf., E. 

 Pers. ii. p. 244 ; Hume, Sir. F. vii. p. 42! ; Murray, Hddk., ZooL, fyc., Sind, 

 p. 189. Melanocorypha calandra, Rupp, Syst. Uebers. p. 78. M. torquata, 

 Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 476. M. rufescens, Brehm,, Naum. 1856, p. 376. 

 The PIED LARK. 



" Adult Male in Summer Plumage. Above fulvous brown, the centres of 

 the plumes much darker brown, giving a somewhat mottled appearance, all the 



