CYMBORHVNCHUS. 387 



Hume, Sir. F. ii. p. 470; viii. pp. 50-86; Davison, Sir. F. v. p. 457; flume 

 and Dav., Sfr.F. vi. p. 92; Oates, B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 428 ; Cat. B. Br. 

 Jllus. xiv. p. 468. Cymborhynchus malaccensis, Salvad, Atti. R. Ac. Sc. 

 Tor. ix. p. 425 ; Blyth and Wald., B. Burm. p. 126 ; Dav., Sir. F. v. p. 

 457 ; Hume and Dav., Str. F. vi. p. 92; Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 86. Todus 

 macrorhynchus, Gm., Sj'sf. Nat i. p. 446. Cymborhynchus affinis, Blyth, 

 J. A. S. B. vi. p. 312 ; Oates, B. Br. Burm. i. p. 429 The BLACK AND 

 RED BROAD-BILL. 



Head, cheeks, lores, neck, chin, upper throat, a broad pectoral band, back, 

 and wing coverts black ; long scapulars white on the outer webs ; rump and 

 upper tail coverts, also the ear coverts and space above the pectoral band and 

 throat, as well as the whole under surface of the body crimson, dashed on the 

 abdomen with golden yellow ; under wing coverts blackish ; tail black, with a 

 white subterminal spot on the inner and sometimes both webs of all but the 

 central pair of feathers; axillaries yellowish ; edge of wing bright golden 

 yellow ; bill dark plumbeous ; tip and edges greenish ; legs and feet light 

 plumbeous (dry skin). In the freshly killed bird, the upper mandible and a 

 line bordering the edge of the lower mandible brilliant blue ; remainder of the 

 latter yellowish ; edges of both transparent white ; irides emerald green, shot 

 with gold; legs and feet ultramarine blue; claws horny. (Eingham, ex 

 Oates, B. B.) 



Length. IO to ii inches; tail 4-2; wing 5-4; tarsus n ; bill from 

 gape r6. 



Hab. Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo. 



It will be seen that C. affinis of Blyth,. has not been allowed to stand as a 

 species. Mr. Sclater says : " It is hardly more than a sub-species," and all 

 sub-species are bad. It must be one or the other ; affinis in my opinion is simply 

 an adolescent form nearly merging into the adult. This I say from the series 

 I possess of both from nearly all the localities quoted in the Br. Mus. Cat. The 

 habits of both are similar, and except the distinctive character given to affinis 

 by Mr. Gates, there is nothing which would permit a specific separation, and 

 these characters are seen merging from the young into the adolescent and 

 adults. 



ORDER MACROCHIRES. 



Gape wide ; bill short, broad at base ; keel curved to the tip ; tail 

 generally forked. 



Family-CYPSELiM:. 



Bill short, broad at base, depressed, compressed at tip ; gape wide ; wings 

 long and pointed ; tarsi short. 



