NOMENCLATURE AND CLASSIFICATIONS. 159 



der Nomenclature nicht zu storen." The only possible ground on which such use 

 could be defended is that bacteria are so different from plants and animals that dupli- 

 cation of generic names is not a matter of any consequence. If this were so, then 

 he should, nevertheless, according to all recognized rules of nomenclature, have used 

 the word with a different concept, since the first use of Bacteridium in this group 

 was to designate a non-motile organism. Davaine used this word long ago in a 

 perfectly plain and legitimate way to separate the non-motile from the motile forms, 

 and the organism, which he studied most carefully as the type of his new genus, 

 is that which was only some years afterwards designated Bacillus anthracis, namely, 

 in 1872, when Cohn formed his new genus Bacillus. If the genus Bacteridium is 

 to stand at all as a bacterial genus, it must be used for Bacillus anthracis and its con- 

 geners, and it is an eminently proper name for these organisms, provided bacteri- 

 ologists can bring themselves to think, with Fischer, that this name is not too 

 close to the fungous genus Bactridmm Kunze on the one hand or to the animal 

 genera on the other, which have priority. The writer does not share this opinion. 

 There would seem to be also an older name than Dr. Fischer's Plectrinium for 

 monotrichiate bacteria having the spore borne in a swollen end, viz, Trdcul's 

 Urocephaliim. This, according to Trecul, was a motile bacterium coloring deep 

 blue with iodine, Trdcul describes it as 0.02 mm. long, "a queue flexueuse," with 

 distinct spore formation at one end which was enlarged. The subfamily name 

 Bactridei is also open to objection because preoccupied. There is a genus of palms, 

 Bactris, and in 1889 Drude, in "Die Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien," used the sub- 

 tribal name Bactrideae, which is the same word as Bactridei. 



Dr. Fischer has not helped matters by the modifications introduced into his 

 " Vorlesungen " as the result of criticism, since he has destroyed the logical con- 

 sistency of his system by including sporiferous and non-sporiferous forms under the 

 same genus name. 



MIGULA'S CLASSIFICATION OF THE BACTERIA. 



The bacteria are phycochrom-free schizomycetous plants with division in one, 

 two, or three directions of space ; reproduction by vegetative multiplication. Resting 

 stages in the form of endospores are produced in many sorts. Motility due to 

 flagella occurs in some genera. In Beggiatoa and Spirochaeta the organs of motion 

 are unknown. 



I. Order EUBACTERIA. 



Cells without any ' ' Centralkorper ' ' and free from sulphur and bacteriopurpurin ; 

 colorless or faintly colored, also chlorophyll-green. 



1. Family COCCACEAE Zopf emend. Mig. 



Cells globose in a free state ; in stages of division often somewhat elliptical. 

 Division in one, two, or three directions of space without previous elongation of cell. 

 If the cells remain united after division, they are frequently flattened at points of 

 cohesion. In all Coccaceae with cells large enough for observation septation takes place 

 in the globose state before there is any elongation perpendicular to plane of division. 

 Only a few species are motile. 



