218 



BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASES. 



('02). LOEB, L. M. On branching forms of certain 

 bacteria. Jour, of Med. Research. Vol. 

 vin, 1902 (n. s., vol. in), pp. 415-423. 

 The author finds branching forms in the typhoid ba- 

 cillus. 



('02). HEFFERAN, MARY. An unusual bacterial 

 grouping. Centralb. f. Bakt., 2 Abt., vm 

 Bd., 1902, pp. 689-699. Also a separate, 

 (with 5 figures in the text). 



B. rosaceus metalloides forms rosette-like groupings 

 in liquid media and on some solid media. 



('02). MATZUSCHITA, TEISI. Beobachtungen iiber 

 den merkwiirdigen Teilungsprocess bei einem 

 proteusartigen I/uftbacillus. (Vorl. Mit- 

 teilung). Centralb. f. Bakt., Abt. 2, Bd. ix, 

 1902, pp. 257-260, mil I Taf. 



('03). HILL, H. W., AND RICHARDS, B. R. Notes on 

 Morphology, i. "Snapping" as character- 

 istic of the diphtheroid group, n. Branch- 

 ing of the organism of actinomycosis. Am. 

 Pub. Health Ass'n. Proc. 3(rth Ann. meet- 

 ing -at New Orleans, Dec. 9-12, 1902, Co- 

 lumbus, Ohio, 1903. Also a separate, 4 pp., 

 2 figs. 



('03). WOLBACH, S. B., AND ERNST, HAROLD C. Ob- 



servations on the morphology of Bacillus 

 tuberculosis from human and bovine sources. 

 Jour, of Med. Research, 1903, vol. x, No. 3, 

 PP- 3I3-333- 13 plates. Also a separate. 

 ('04). THAXTER, ROLAND. Contributions from the 

 cryptogamic laboratory of Harvard Univer- 

 sity, LVI, Notes on the Myxobacteriaceae. 

 Bot. Gaz., June, 1904, vol. xxxvii, pp. 405- 

 416, with 2 plates. 

 Cystobacter becomes Polyangium. 



('04). LEPESCHKIN, W. W. Zur Kenntniss der Erb- 

 lichkeit bei den einzelligen Organismen. 

 Die Verzweigung und Mycelbildung bei 

 einer Bakterie (Bacillus Berestnewi n. sp.). 

 Centralblatt f. Bakt., 2 Abt., 1904, Bd. xii, 

 pp. 641-648, and Bd. xni, pp. 13-22, 20 figs. 

 Describes a branched form. 



XI. Spores. 



[See also some papers under X, XV, and XXXIV.] 



('76). COHN, FERDINAND. Untersuchungen tiber Bac- 



terien. Beitrage zur Biologie der Pflanzen, 



Bd. n, Heft 2, 1876, pp. 249-276. 

 ('84). BUCHNER, H. Ueber das Verhalten der Spalt- 



pilz-Sporen zu den Anilinfarbstoffen. Aertz- 



liohe Intelligenzbl., Jahrg. xxxi, 1884, pp. 



370. 

 ('87). LEHMANN, K. B. Ueber die Sporenbildung 



bei Milzbrand. Miinch. med. Wochenschr., 



1887, pp. 485-488, No. 26. 

 ('88). PRAZMOWSKI, A. Ueber Sporenbildung bei 



den Bakterien. Verhand. d. k. k. Akad. d. 



Wissenschaften in Krakau. Math.-naturw. 



Sektion, Bd. xvm, 1888, p. 35, I Tafel. 

 Author thinks existence of " arthrospores " is not 

 proved. 



('88). GLOBIG. See xxxm and xxxiv. 



('88). GRUBER. See xxxm. 



('88). BUCHNER, H. Ueber die vermeintlichen 



Sporen der Typhusbacillen. Centralb. f. 



Bakt., 1888, Bd. iv, pp. 385-390. 



('89). KLEIN, LUDWIG. Ueber einen neuen Typus 

 der Sporenbildung bei den endosporen Bac- 

 terien. Ber. d. deutsoh. Botan. Gesellsch., 

 Bd., vn, 1889, pp. (57)-(72). i plate. 



Five spore-bearing bacilli are described. The spores 

 are green. In one filamentous-septate species the spores 

 generally occur in pairs, with a septum between, i. e. , the 

 spore is situated, if oue may so speak, in the positive 

 pole of one segment, and in the negative pole of its fel- 

 low. 



('91). FISCHER. See XL. 



('91). MoELLER, H. Ueber eine neue Methode der 



Sporenfarbung. Centralb. f. Bakt., Bd. x, 



1891, pp. 273-277- 



The author summarizes his method as follows : " The 

 air-dried cover glass preparation is passed through the 

 flame three times and put into absolute alcohol for two 

 minutes ; then two minutes in chloroform ; then washed 

 with water one-half to two mimites It is subsequently 

 plunged into 5 per cent chromic acid and again thor- 

 oughly washed in water, after which carbol-fuchsin is 

 dropped upon it and warmed over the flame to boiling 

 for 60 seconds. The carbol-fuchsin is then poured off, the 

 cover-glass plunged into 5 percent sulphuric acid until 

 it is bleached, and then thoroughly washed in water. 

 The watery solution of methylen blue or malachite green 

 is then allowed to act upon it for 30 seconds, after which 

 it is washed ff. The spores should then be visible as a 

 dark red in a beautiful green or blue bacterial body." 



('91). CRAMER, E. Die Ursache der Resistenz der 

 Sporen gegen trockene Hitze. Arch. f. 

 Hygiene, 1891, Bd. xni, pp. 71-112. 



Resistance is due to extreme drvness of the spores, and 

 to the fact that all their water is hygroscopic water, 

 which evaporates quickly in dry air, leaving presumably 

 pure water-free albumen. 



('92). FOTH. Zur Frage der Sporenfarbung. Cen- 

 tralb. f. Bakt., xi Bd., 1892, pp. 272-278. 



Does not find Moeller's chromic aciil method universally 

 applicable. Author sometimes substitutes chloriodid 

 zinc. He has also found hydrogen peroxide very useful. 

 He also uses aniliu water fuchsin. A pure, colorless, 

 toluidin free anilin may be had from Jon. Wolff, in Bres- 

 lau. In case oi anthrax spores, the proper time of expos- 

 ure is i% minutes with chromic acid ; 2 to 2% minutes 

 with concentrated chlorzinc iodide solution, and 3 min- 

 utes with hydrogen peroxide. Here also the author says 

 he obtained the best results with H2Oa. 



('93). FIOCCA, R. Ueber eine neue Methode der 

 Sporenfarbung. Centralb. f. Bakt., xiv, 1893, 

 No. i, pp. 8-9. 



Cover-glass preparations are plunged 3 to 15 minutes 

 (mostly 3 to 5 minutes) into steaming hot water contain- 

 ing 10 per cent ammonia water, to which has also been 

 added 10 to 20 drapsof some alcoholic anilin solution. 

 Covers thus treated are then plunged for a moment into 

 water containing 20 per cent sulphuric or nitric acid, and 

 are subsequently exposed to a contrast stain. The stains 

 recommended are gentian violet, fuchsin, methylene 

 blue and safranin ; the contrast stains are vesuvin, chry- 

 soidin, methylene blue, malachit green or safrauin. The 

 preparations are said to be clear and satisfactory. 



('93). PHYSALIX. See xxxm. 



('94). ERNST, PAUL. Farbungsversuche an Sporen 

 mit Hilfe der Maceration. Centralb. f. Bakt., 

 Bd. xvi, 1894, pp. 182- 184. 



('95). MIQUEL. P., AND LATTRAYE, E. De la resis- 

 tance des spores des baoteries aux tempera- 

 tures humides egales et superieures a 100 

 degrees. Ann. de micrographie. Tome vn, 

 1895, p. no, 158, 205. Rev. in Centralb. f. 

 Bakt., xix Bd., 1896, pp. 360-362. 



('95). BUNGE, R. Ueber Sporenbildung bei Bakter- 

 ien. Fortschr. d. Med., Bd. xni, 1895, No. 

 20 and 21. Rev. in Centralb. f. Bakt., xvm 

 Bd., 1895, p. 718. 



