SPORES ; FLAGELLA. 



219 



('96). SCHREIBER, OSWALD. Ueber die physiologis- 

 chen Bedingungen der endogenen Sporen- 

 bildung bei Bacillus anthracis, subtilis, und 

 tumesccns. Centralb. f. Bakt., xx Bd., 1896, 

 353-374 and 429-437. 

 Forty-five papers cited at close of this article. 



('96). BUCHNER, II. Ueber die physiologischen Be- 

 dingungen der Sporenbildung beim Milz- 

 brandbacillus. Centralb. f. Bakt., xx Bd., 

 1896, pp. 806-807. 



("98). CATTESINA, G. Ricerche suH'intima struttura 

 delle spore dei batteri. Separate from Atti 

 d. Soc. veneto-trentina, vol. in, Fasc. 2, Pa- 

 dova, 1898, 10 pages, with I plate. Rev. in 

 Centralb. f. Bakt., xxvi Bd., 1899, pp. 35-36. 



Some evidence in favor of existence of a nucleus. 



('98). MIGULA, W. Der Keimgehalt und die Wider- 

 standsfahigkeit der Bakterien der animalen 

 Lymphe. Arb. a. d. Bact. Institut der tech. 

 llochschule zu Karlsruhe, u Bd., i Heft, 



1898, pp. 65-72. 



('98). AUJESZKY, ALADAR. Eine einfache Sporen- 

 farbungsmethode. Centralb. f. Bakt., xxm 

 Bd., 1898, pp. 329-33I- 



The unfixed covers are placed in a boiling hot % per 

 cent solution of HC1 for 3 to 4 minutes, then washed in 

 water, dried, fixed, and stained with hot carbol fuchsin 

 (three times over flame). Covers are then cooled, bleached 

 in 4 to 5 per centsulphuric acid, and couuterstaiued I to 

 i minutes in malachit green or methylene blue. 



('99). STEPHANIDIS, PHILOPIMIN. Ueber den Einftuss 

 des NiihrstoffgehaJtes von Nahrboden auf 

 die Raschheit der Sporenbildung und die 

 Zabl und Resistenz der gebildeten Sporen. 

 Arch. f. Hyg., Bd. xxxv, 1899, PP- r - 10 - 

 Review in Centralb. f. Bakt., xxvi Bd., 1899, 

 p. 568. 



In a poor substratum anthrax spores were formed more 

 rapidly but in less numbers than in a rich medium. To- 

 ward heat the spores from the rich and poor media be- 

 haved alike. 



('99). KI,EIN, ALEX. Eiire einfache Methode zur 

 Sporen fartbung. Cenitralb. f. Bakt., xxv Bd., 



1899, PP- 376-379- 



Klein's modification consists in staining the spores be- 

 fore they have dried. In a watch glass he makes a spore 

 emulsion in phys. salt solution. To this is added an 

 equal volume of filtered carbol fuchsin. This is then 

 gently heated over the open flame for six minutes, i. e. , 

 until steam rises. Covers are now prepared and the bac- 

 terial layer fixed by passing twice through the flame. 

 The covers are then passed through I per cent H2SO4 for 

 1 to 2 seconds, washed in water and counterstained 3 to 4 

 minutes in alcoholic methylene blue solution diluted 

 with water. 



('99). DANNAPPEI,. See xxxm. 

 Coo). SMITH, R. GREIG. The double staining of 

 spores and bacilli. Proceedings of the Lin- 

 nean Society of New South Wales, 1900, 

 Part 3, June 27, pp. 394-397. Also a separate 

 (issued Nov. 22, 1900). 



('02). SCHAUDINN, FRITZ. Beitrage zur Kenntnis 

 der Bakterien und verwandter Organismen. 

 i. Bacillus biitchlii, Arch. f. Protistenkunde, 

 Bd. i, 1902, pp. 306-343, i plate. Bibliography 

 of 24 titles. 



This very large, slow-moving organism was isolated 

 from the intestinal tract of a cockroach, Periplaneta 

 orientalis. 



The author states that this organism, like Kern's Di- 

 spora caucasica, is constantly disporous. B. buetchlii was 

 selected for study of its inner structure, on account of Its 

 large size. The membrane did not give the cellulose re- 

 action. 



Seventy-three figures are (*iven ( illustrating inner 

 structure, stages in the formation of the spores (one in 

 each pole ofthe rod), polar germination of the spores, etc. 

 The organism is 24 to 80 ^ long by 3 to 6 n broad, mostly 

 50 to 60 (i x 4 to 5 (. The bacillus is flagellate, after the 

 manner of B. subtilis. 



XII. Flagella. 



('38). EHRENBERG. See v. 

 ('72). COHN. See v. 



('75). DALLINGER, W. H., AND DRYSDALE, J. J. On 

 the existence of flagella in Bacterium termo. 

 The Monthly Microscopical Journal, Sept. 

 I, 1875, PP- 105-108. 



('76). WARMING, EUG. Om nogle ved Danmarks 

 Kyster levende Bakterier. Kjobenhavn, 

 1876. 



('77). KOCH. See LV. 



('78). DALUNGER, W. H. On the measurement of 

 the diameter of die flagella of Bacterium 

 termo : a contribution to the question of the 

 "Ultimate limit of vision" with our present 

 lenses. Journ. Roy. Micros. Soc., vol. i, 

 1878, pp. 169-175, 2 plates. 



From the mean value of 200 measurements (50 with 

 each of 4 high-power objectives) Dallinger concludes that 

 the diameter of the unstained flagellum of B. termo, in 

 round numbers, is one-two hundred and four thousandth 

 (1-204000) of an inch. This is equal to about one-eighth 

 micron. 



('79). VAN TIEGHEM, PHILIPPE EDOUARD LON. Sur 

 les pretendus cils des bacteries. Bull, de la 

 Societe Botanique de France, 1879, T. xxvi, 

 PP- 37-45- 



Van Tieghem maintained that the flagella were moved 

 from within the body of the bacterium, they themselves 

 being inert gelatinous organs, and not vibratile cilia. 



('89). LOEFI'LER, F. Eine neue Methode zum Farben 

 der Mikroorganismen, im besonderen ihrer 

 Wimperhaare und Geisseln. Centralb. f. 

 Bakt., vi Bd., 1889, No. 8-9, pp. 209-224, mit 

 8 Photogrammen. 



('89). TRENKMANN. Die Farbung der Geisseln von 

 Spirillen und Bacillen. Centralb. f. Bakt., 

 vi Bd., Oct. 15, 1889, No. 16-17, pp. 433-436. 

 ('90). MESSEA. See LVI. 



('90). LOEFFLER, F. Weitere Untersuchungen fiber 

 die Beizung und Farbung der Geisseln bei 

 den Bakterien. Centralb. f. Bakt., Bd. vn, 

 1890, pp. 625-639. 



('90). TRENKMANN. Die Farbung der Geisseln von 



Spirillen und Bacillen. n. Mitth. Centralb. 



f. Bakt., 1890, Bd. vm, No. 13, pp. 385-389. 



Covers on which the bacterial film is dried without heat 



are put for 6 to 12 hours In water containing 2 per cent 



tannin and 0.5 to 0.25 of one per cent hydrochloric acid. 



They are subsequently washed for one hour in iodine 



water, and then stained % hour in weak gentian violet 



anilin water, made as follows : Into a test tube holding 



25 cc. put a few drops of concentrated alcoholic solution 



of gentian violet and add 10 cc. of distilled water. Then 



pour out about one-half of this and fill up with anilin 



water. The clear stain is said to color the flagella well on 



a feebly-stained background. 



('91). HUMPHREY, J. E. Notes on Technique, n. 



Rot. Gazette, 1891, pp. 71-73. 



Cilia of zoospores of alga; and fungi are stained very 

 readily and sharply "in a drop of moderately strong solu- 

 tion (in qo per cent alcohol) of Hanstein's rosanilliu- 

 violet, composed of equal parts of fuchsin and methyl 

 violet," after first fixing them in a couple of drops of i 

 per cent osmic acid solution. 



