22O 



BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASES. 



('92). STRAUSS, I. Sur un precede de coloration a 

 1'etat vivant des cils ou flagella de certiaines 

 bacteries mobiles. C. R. de la Soc. de 

 biologic, 1892, No. 23, pp. S42-S43. Also 

 Bull. Med., 1892, p. 1,003. 



('93). SO.AVO. Di un rapido processo per le colora- 

 zione delle ciglia di alcuni microorganism!. 

 Ministera dell'intern. Laboraitori scientifica 

 della direzione di Santa-Roma. 

 Rev. in Centralb. f. Bakt. Bd. xv. p. 507, 1893. 



('93). NICOLLE, M., ET MORAX, V. Technique de la 

 coloration des cils, etc. Ann. de 1'Inst. Pas- 

 teur, T. vii, 1893, No. 7, pp. 554-56i. 



('93). MOORE, V. A. On the character of flagella on 

 the Bacillus choleraesuis, B. coli communis, 

 and the B.typhi abdominalis. Wilder Quar- 

 ter Century Book, Ithaca, N. Y., 1893, pp. 

 339-363. 



('93). VAN ERMENGEM, E. Nouvelle methode de 

 coloration des cils des bacteries. Trav. du 

 Lab. d. Hygiene et de Bact. de 1'Univ. de 

 Gand, T. I., 1. 3, 1893- 



Original not seen. A very good method. Reviewed in 

 Zeitschr. f. Wissensch. Mikr. Bd. xi. 1894, pp. 98-99, and 

 in Ann. de Micrographie, T. V., 1893, pp. 394-395- 



('94). HESSERT, W. Geisselfarbung ohne Beize. 

 Centralb. f. Bakt., Bd. xvi, 1894, No. 8-9, 



PP. 346-347- 



See also A simple stain for ciliated bacteria. Chicago 

 Med. Recorder, 1894, pp. 240-242. 



('94). BUNGE, R. Ueber Geisselfarbung von Bak- 

 terien. Fortschr. d. Medizin, Bd. xn, 1894, 

 No. 12, pp. 462-464. 

 ('94). BUNGE, R. Zur Kenntniss der Geisseltragen- 



den Bakterien. Ibid., No. 17, pp. 653-670. 

 ('94). BUNGE, R. Weitere Mittheilungen iiber Geis- 

 selfarbung. Fortschr. d. Mediz., Bd. xn, 

 1894, pp. 929-935- 



('95). MOORE, VERANUS A. On ithe nature of the 

 flagella and their value in the systematic 

 classification of the bacteria. Jour. Am. 

 Pub. Health Asso., Oct., 1895, Ann. vol. xx, 

 pp. 432-444, 3 plates. 



('95). FERRIER. Considerations generates sur le 

 pleomorphisme des cils viforatiles de quelques 

 bacteries mobiles. Archives de medicine 

 experimentale et d'anatomie pathologique. 

 Paris, Serie I. T. vn, 1895, pp. 58-75- I 

 plate. 



('96). LOEWIT, N. Zur Morphologie der Bakterien. 

 Centralb. f. Bakt., xix Bd., 1896, pp. 673- 

 686, with i plate. 



('96). KANTHACK, A. A., AND CONNELL, T. W. The 

 flagella of the tetanus bacillus, and other 

 contributions to the morphology of the 

 tetanus bacillus. Jour. Path, and Bact., iv, 

 1896-97, pp. 452-459- 



('98). BOWHIIJ,, TH. Eine neue Methode der Bak- 

 teriien-Geisselfarbung bei Gebrauch einer 

 Oroeinbedze. Hyg. Rundschau, 1898, No. I. 

 Rev. in Centralb. f. Bakt., xxm Bd., 1898, 

 pp. 667-668. 



('98). STEPHENS, J. W. Van Ermengem's method of 

 staining flagella; a modification. The Lan- 

 cet, 1898, Oct. i. Rev. in Centralb. f. Bakt., 

 xxv Bd., 1899, p. 392. 



Substitutes for nitrate of silver a 2 percent largin solu- 

 tion. The flagella; are said to be cleaner and more dis- 

 tinct. 



('99). WELCKE, E. Eine neue Methode der Geissel- 

 farbung. Arch. f. klin. Chir., Bd. ux, 1899, 

 Heft, i, pp. 129-143. Rev. in Centralb. f. 

 Bakt., Bd. xxvi, 1899, pp. 520-521. 

 A silver process of about the same complexity as that 

 of van Ertnengem. 



('99). ZETTNOW. Ueber Geisselfanbung bei Bakter- 

 ien. Zeitschr. f. Hyg., Bd. xxx. i Heft., 

 March, 1899, pp. 95-106. 



Discusses van Ermengem's silver method, and gives a 

 gold method which is said to be better. 



('99). MORTON, N. Flagella staining. Trans. Jenner 

 Inst, London, vol. i. 2 series, pp. 242-243, 

 1899. 



Tap water is recommended for dilutions. A 24-hour 

 agar surface growth furnishes the bacteria. They are 

 allowed to diffuse in a little of this sterilized water in a 

 watch glass. A drop or two of this is then placed on the 

 clean slide or cover and spread as widely as possible with- 

 out use of the needle. The excess is absorbed by blotting 

 paper. The dried film is not fixed by heat. The stain 

 consists of taunic acid i gram, potash alum i gram, dis- 

 tilled water 40 cc. To this is added 0.5 gram of night blue 

 dissolved in 20 cc. of absolute alcohol. The copious pre- 

 cipitate which results is carefully removed by filtration. 

 The fluid is then ready for use. Stain 2 minutes. The 

 flagella are blue, the body of the organism is not stained. 

 Longer exposures cause precipitates. Couuterstaiu for 

 the body by exposure for i or 2 minutes to anilin-water 

 gentian violet. " I consider that the application of heat 

 and the spreading of the film with the needle are very 

 fatal to good results in flagella staining." 



('oo). HINTERBERGER, A. Eine Modifikation des 

 Geisselfarbungsverfahrens nach van Ermen- 

 gem. Centralb. f. Bakt., Bd. xxvn, No. 

 16-17, I 9. PP- 597-605, I plate and I fig. 



('oi). WH.UAMS, HUGH. Flagella stain. See Path- 

 ological technique, by Mallory and Wright. 

 Second Ed., 1901. pp. 104-106. W. B. 

 Saunders & Co., Philadelphia and London. 



('02). MEYER, ARTHUR. Kurze Mitteilung iiber die 

 Begeisselung der Bakterien. Centralb. f. 

 Bakt., Abt. i, Bd. xxxi, Originate, 1902, 

 PP- 737-739- 



XIII. Capsules. 



('78). CIENKOWSKI. Untersuohung iiber die Gallert- 

 bildungen des Zuckerriibensaftes. Resume 

 allemand du memoire <russe, Charkow, 1878. 

 Not seen. 



('85). RiBBERT. Zur Farbung der Pneumoniekokken. 

 Deutsche med. Wochenschr., 11 Jahrg., 1885, 

 p. 136. 

 Gives a method for staining capsules. 



('85). FRIEDI.AENDER, C. Ueber Pneumonie-Micrococ- 

 cen. iFortsoh. d. Med., Bd. in, 1885, pp. 



91-93- 



Replies to criticism of Germain See, and gives his 

 method of staining the capsule. 



('85). FRIEDLAENDER, C. Notiz, die Farbung der Kap- 

 selmicrococcen betreffend. Fortsch. d. 

 Medicin, Bd. in, 1885, No. 23, pp. 757-76o. 



The author's plan for staining capsules is as follows : 

 Pass the dried covers three times through the flame, and 

 then expose from one to several minutes in i per cent 

 acetic acid water. Remove from the cover by blowing 

 through a glass tube drawn to a point, and dry in air 

 quickly. Then expose in a saturated solution of anilin- 

 water gentian violet for a very few seconds, wash in water 

 and examine. The exposure to the gentian violet should 

 be barely long enough to stain the capsule without stain- 

 ing the interior protoplasm. 



