226 



BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASES. 



('04). HESSE, GUSTAV. Beitrage zur Herstellung von 

 Nahrboden und zur Bakterienziichitung. 

 Ztschr. f. Hyg., 1904, Bd. XLVI, pp. 1-22. 



Discusses effect of adding various acids and alkalies, 

 effect of heat on reaction, use of insoluble glass, etc. 



Most of the methods advised are already in use in many 

 laboratories in the United States. 



XVII. Methods or Work, Apparatus, Etc. 



('73). KLEBS, E. Beitraege zur Kenntniss der Micro- 

 coccen. Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Plharmakol., 

 1873, Bd. i, pp. 31-64, with 4 plates. 

 Klebs here outlines his fractional method of culture. 

 See especially pp. 46-47. 



('77). KOCH. See LV. 



('78). LISTER, JOSEPH. On the lactic fermentation 



and its bearings on pathology. Trans. Path. 



Soc. of London, 1878, vol. xxix, pp. 425-467. 



Lister's dilution method for obtaining pure cultures is 



here described. See especially page 445 et seq. 



('81). KOCH, ROBERT. Zur Untersuchung von path- 

 ogenen Organismen. Mittheil. a. d. kaiser- 

 lichen Gesundheitsamte, Bd. I, 1881. Ber- 

 lin, pp. 1-48, 14 plates. 



In this paper Koch outlined his now universally used 

 method of obtaining pure cultures (colonies) on solid 



was assumed that the quantity used to inoculate each 

 flask contained only one organism (p. 19). 



('83). KOCH, ROBERT. Ueber die Milzbrandimpfung, 

 eine Entgegnung auf den von Pasteur in 

 Genf gehaltenen Vortrag. Kassel und Ber- 

 lin, Theodor Fischer, 1882. The same in 

 French. Theo. Fischer, 1883. 

 The celebrated Koch " rules of procedure " are given in 

 this paper. 



('84). HOFFMANN, F. W. Einfacher Einbettungs- 



apparat. Zoologisoher Anzeiger, vii Jahrg., 



1884, No. 157-184, Leipzig, pp. 230-232, I fig. 



Makes use of a vacuum to hasten the infiltration of 



paraffin. 



('84). ERRERA. Sur 1'emploi de 1'encre de phine en 

 Microscopic. Bull. Soc. Beige d. Microscop., 

 1884. 



Not seen. The ink is used to form a contrasting back- 

 ground. 



('86). VON ESMARCH, ERWiN. Ueber eine Modifika- 

 ition des Koch'sohen Plattenverfahrens zur 

 Isolierung und zum quantitativen Nachweis 

 von Mikroorganismen. Zeiitsoh. f. Hygiene, 

 1886, Bd. i, pp. 293-301, 3 figs. 

 The method of roll cultures is here described. 



('87). PETRI, R. J. Eine kleine Modification <les 

 Kooh'schen Plattenverfahrens. Centralb. f. 

 Balct, i Bd., 1887, No. 9, pp. 279-280. 



Description of the now everywhere common Petri- 

 dishes. 



('87). ESMARCH. See xxxin. 



('89). BEYERINCK, M. W. L'auxanographie ou la 



methode de -1'hydrodiffusion dans la gelatine 



appliquee aux recherches mdcrobiologiques. 



Arch, neertandaises de sci. ex. et nat., 1889, 



T. xxni, pp. 367-372. 

 ('90). KUEBLER. Untersuchungen iiber die Brauch- 



barkeit der "Filtres sans pression, Systeme 



Chamberland-Pasteur." Zeitschr. f. Hyg., 



Bd. VHI, 1890, pp. 48-54. 



('91). NUTTALL, GEORGE H. F. A method for the 

 estimation of the actual number of Tubercle 

 bacilli in tuberculous sputum. With a note 

 on the general application of the method to 

 bacteriology. Bull, of the Johns Hopkins 

 Hospital, vol. n, 1891, pp. 67-76. 



By use of this method flasks or tubes of media can be 

 inoculated, it is said, with predetermined exact num- 

 bers of bacteria. 



('91). BUJWID, O. Eine einfaohe Filtervorrichtung 

 zum Filtriren sterilisirter Fliissigkeit. Cen- 

 tralb. f. Bakt., ix Bd., 1891, pp. 4-5, mit i 

 Abbildung. 



('91). GABRITSCHEWSKY, G. Zur Technik der foak- 

 teriologischen Untersuchungen, I. Graduirte 

 Kapillarpipetten zum Abmessen sehr kleiner 

 Fliissigkeitsmengen. Centralb. f. Bakt., x 

 Bd., 1891, pp. 248-250, mit 2 figs. 



('91). NORDTMEYER, H. Ueber Wassernltration durch 

 Filter aus gebranniter Infusorienerde. 

 Zeitsch. f. Hygiene, 1891, Bd. x, pp. 145- 

 154, i fig- 



('91). SMITH, THEOBALD. Kleine bakteriologische 

 Mittheilungen. Centralb. f. Bakt., x Bd., 



1891, pp. 177-186, mit 2 figs. 



First two notes relate to apparatus; the second, to his 

 inside-out method of filtering through Chamberland 

 bougies (figured). 



('91). KNAUER, FRIEDRICH. Eine bewahrte Methode 

 zur Reinigung gebrauchter Objekttrager 

 und Deckglaschen. Centralb. f. Bakt., Bd. 

 x, 1891, pp. 8-9. 



Even old stuck-together slides are said to be cleaned 

 perfectly by boiling 30 miuutes in 10 per cent lysol, with 

 occasional stirring. They should then be flooded with 

 tap water, and finally wiped with a soft, clean, oil-free 

 cloth. " In recent preparations, 14 days old, I obtained 

 even by 15 minutes boiling in 5 per cent lysol solution a 

 perfect cleaning of the glass." 



('91). ALTMANN, P. Thermoregulator neuer Kon- 

 struktion. Cenitralb. f. Bakt., ix Bd., 1891, 

 pp. 791-792. 



('91). BEYERINCK, M. W. Die Kapillarhebermikro- 

 skopirtropfenflasche. Centralb. f. Bakt., ix 

 Bd., 1891, pp. 589-590, mit i Abbildung. 



An easily constructed useful water flask, furnishing 

 drops of any size (see fig. 16) or a fine stream. 



('92). HASWELL, WM. A. On a simple method of 

 substituting strong alcohol for a watery 

 solution in the preparation of specimens. 

 Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W., vol. vi, for 1891, 

 PP. 433-436, i fig. Sydney, 1892. 

 This method was worked out 10 years later, indepen- 

 dently, in my laboratory, by Deane B. Swingle, who had 

 his paper and drawings ready for publication when this 

 earlier paper was discovered. Swingle's device, which is 

 a considerable improvement ou Haswell's, is shown ill 

 Fig. 146. By means of the expanded base of the inner 

 tube a quite equable diffusion of the alcohol is secured. 



('92). GILT AY, E., u. ABERSON, J. H. Methode zur 

 Priifung von Filtereinrichtungen wie die 

 Chamberland-Bougies. Cenitralb. f. Bakt., 



1892, Bd. xii, pp. 92-9S, i fig- 



('92). v. FREUDENREICH, ED. Ueber die Durchlas- 

 sigkeit der Chamberland'schen Filter fur 

 Bakterien. Centralb. f. Bakt., xn Bd., 1892, 

 pp. 240-247. 



The author's experiments lead to the conclusion that 

 the Chamberlaud filter cannot be used safely more than a 

 week for the continuous filtration of water. It must 

 then be sterilized. 



