PIGMENTS, GREEN BACTERIA. 



2 37 



('89). MACK. Sur la recuperation de la vitalite cles 

 cultures de bacteries par passages sur cer- 

 tains milieux. Soc. des sc. dc Nancy pour 

 1888, Series n, T. ix, Fasc. xxll, pp. xxix- 

 xxx and 79-83, Paris, 1889. 



The medium used was potato. Bacteria which have lost 

 their power to form pigment on agar or to infect frogs 

 will often regain these functions if cultivated for a time 

 on potato. 



('S'O. Zon>, W. Ueber Pilz farbstoffe. iv. Vor- 

 kommen ei.ner Lipochroms bed Spaltpilzen. 

 Dot. Zeitting, Bd. XLVII, 1889, col. 89-92. 



('89). ZOPF, W. Ueber das niikrochemischen Ver- 

 haken von Fettfarbstoffen und Fettfarbstoff- 

 Jialtigen Organen. Zeitschr. f. wissensch. 

 Mikroskopie, 1889, Bd. vi, pp. 172-177. 



("89). SCHEIBENZUBER, D. Ein Bacillus mlt brauner 

 Verfarbung der Gelatine. Allgemeinen 

 Wiener medicinischen Zeitung, Jahrg. 

 xxxiv, 1889, pp. 171-172, Wien, 1889. Also 

 a separate, 7 pp. 



This organism liquefies gelatin. It was isolated from 

 spoiled eggs. 



('90). BEHR, P. Ueber eine nicht mehr farbstoff- 

 bildende Rasse des Bacillus der 'blauen 

 Milch. Centralb. f. Bakt., Bd. vni, 1890, pp. 

 485-487- 



('90). CLAESSEN, HEINR. Ueber einen indigoblauen 

 Farbstoff erzeugenden Bacillus aus Wasser. 

 Centralb. f. Bakt., Bd. vn, 1890, pp. 13-17. 



('91). DANGEARD, P. A. Contribution a 1'etude des 

 Baoteriacees vertes (Eubacillus gen. nov.). 

 Le Botaniste, Ser. n, 1891, fasc. 4, pp. 151- 

 160, avec. planche. Also C. R. des se. de 

 1'Acad. des soi., T. cxn, 1891, pp. 251-253. 

 Review in Centralb. f. Bakt., x Bd., 1891, 

 PP. 745-747- 



Daugeard found his green spore-bearing organism 

 (Eubacillus miiltisporus) on the walls of a culture flask 

 used for the growth of fresh-water algse, where it made a 

 felt of very long slender flexible filaments. He states 

 that it contains chlorophyll distributed through the pro- 

 toplasm. The sporiferous filaments may be branched. 

 The spores are a distinct green. Its habitat is among 

 fresh-water algce in the vicinity of Caen, France. 



To the second section of his genus he would add the 

 following forms ; described by Klein : Bacillus de Bary- 

 anus, B. Solmsii, B. Peroniella, B. macrosporus, and B. 

 limosus, all of which are sporiferous, the spores being 

 blue-green. These spores are all said to be impregnated 

 with chlorophyll. 



("91). SI<ATER, CHARLES. On a red pigment forming 

 organism, Bacillus corallinus. The Quar- 

 terly Jour, of Microsc. Sci., 1891, vol. 32, 

 n. s., No. cxxvn, pp. 409-416, i plate. 



The author says budding and branched forms occur in 

 liquid media. 



('91). BEYERINCK, M. W. La biologic d'une bac- 

 terie pigmentaire. Archives neerlandaises, 

 T. xxv, 1891, Livr., 314. See also Die 

 Lebensgeschichte einer Pigmentbakterie. 

 Bot. Zeitung, 1891, Nos. 43, 45, 46, and 47, 

 columns 705-712, 741-752, 757-77O, and 773- 

 781, with I plate. 



This paper describes the morphology and biology of 

 Bacillus cyaneofuscus, which was first found causing 

 damage to the glue of a gelatin factory and afterwards in 

 other nlaces. " This microbe is also the cause, or at least 

 one of the causes, of a deterioration quite frequent in 

 Holland cheeses, especially those known as ' Kdam,' a 

 change which, under the name of 'blueing,' is much 

 dreaded by makers of these products." 



This organism belongs to the chromoparous group of 

 pigment-forming bacteria, i. e., it is itself colorless, but 

 excretes the pigment. The first form of the pigment is a 

 blue-green substance, which, under the microscope, ap- 

 pears as solid-blue spherites, mixed in with the bacteria. 



("91). OVERBECK, A. Zur Kenntniss der Fettfarb- 

 stoff-Produktion foei Spaltpilzen. Nova 

 Acta d. K. Leop. Carol. Deutschen Akad. d. 

 Naturf., Bd. LV, No. 7, pp. 399-416. i plate. 

 Halle, 1891. Also a separate. 



('91). BEIJERINCK, M. W. De Levensgeschiedenis 

 eener Pigmentbacterie. Versl. en Mededeel. 

 der koninkl. Akad. van We-tensch. Afdeeling 

 Naturkunde, 3 Reeks, 8 Deel, 1891, pp. 



(3Q7)-(3I5). 

 Paper deals with Bacillus cyaneofuscus. 



('91). GESSARD, C. Des races du bacille pyocyanique. 

 Ann. de 1'Inst. Pasteur, T. v, 1891, pp. 65-78. 



Organism produces two pigments: (a) Pyocyanin (b) 

 fluoresciue, and probably a third. 



("91). ZOPF, W. Ueber Ausscheidung von Fettfarb- 

 stoffen (Lipochromen) seitens gewisser 

 Spaltpilze. Ber. d. deutsoh. bot. Gesellsch., 

 Bd. ix, pp. 22-28, 1891. 



('92). GESSARD, C. Sur la fonction fluorescigene des 

 microbes. Ann. de I'lnst. Pasteur. T. vi, 

 1892, pp. 801-823. 



('92). CHARRIN ET PHYSALIX. See xv. 



('92). ROHRER. Ueber die Pigmentbildung des 

 Bacillus pyocyaneus. Centralb. f. Bakt., xi 

 Bd., 1892, pp. 327-335. 



('92). OKADA, K. Ueber einen rothen Farbstoff 

 erzeugenden Bacillus (Bacillus rubellus) 

 aus Fussbodenstaub. Centralb. f. Bakt., xi 

 Bd., 1892, pp. 1-4, mit I colored Taf. 



(*93)- ERNST, HAROLD C. The Bacillus pyocyaneus 

 pericarditidis. The American Journal of 

 the Medical Sciences, 1893, October, No. 

 258, pp. 396-402. Rev. in Centralb. f. Bakt., 

 Bd. xv, 1894, p. 559. 



This organism is motile by means of a polar flagellum, 

 and the writer has changed the name to Bacterium peri- 

 carditidis (Ernst). It produces no pigment soluble in 

 chloroform. 



('93)- VOCES, O. Ueber einige im Wasser vorkom- 

 mende Pigmentbakterien. Centralb. f. Bakt., 

 Bd. xiv, 1893, pp. 301-315- 



An account of Bacillus cceruleus and other blue or vio- 

 let pigment-forming organisms. 



('93). D'ARSONVAL AND CHARRIN. See xxxn. 



('94). BORODONI-UFKREDUZZI. See XLVII. 



('94). TEISSIER, P. J. Etude des proprietes chromo- 

 genes permanentes ou facultatives de cer- 

 tains .microbes pathogenes ou saprophytes 

 cultives sur 1'albumiine de J'ceuf ooagule. 

 Arch, de med. experim. et d'anatomie path- 

 ologique, Tome vi, 1894. No. 2, pp. 315-327. 



('94). GUIGNARD ET SAUVAGEAU. Sur un nouveau 

 microbe chromogene, Je Bacillus chlorora- 

 phts. C. R. des se. et mem. de la Soc. de 

 Biol., Paris, se. x, T. I, 22 Dec., 1894, pp. 

 841-843. 



('95). SCHNEIDER, PAUL. Die Bedeuitung der Bac- 

 terienfarbstoffe fur die Unterscheidung der 

 Arten. Arbeiten aus dem bakt. Institut 

 der Tchnischen Hoclischtile zu Karlsruhe. 

 Bd. i, Hft. 2, 1895, pp. 201-232. i fig. and 

 i Tafel. 



Conclusions : (i) Distinguishable in part by diverse be- 

 havior in solvents. (2) The same organism, under like 

 conditions, always produces the same pigment. (3) Two 

 sorts may produce the same pigment. (4) Most of those 

 sorts which produce apparently the same pigment, and 

 are much alike in other ways, may be distinguished 

 easily by the different reactions of the pigments. 



('95). DANGEARD, P. A. Observations sur le groupc 

 des bacteries vertes. Ann. de micrograpihie, 

 1895, T. VIT, pp. 67-69. 



Considers Bact. viride, van Tieghem, to belong to the 

 algie. 



