244 



BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASES. 



('92). CHMELEWSKY. Zur Frage fiber die Wirkung 

 des Sonnen- und elektrischen Lichtes auf 

 die Eiterbakterien. Wratsch, 1892, No. 20. 

 Reviewed in Centralb. f. Bakt., Bd. xn, pp. 

 174-175, 1892. 



('92). GEISLER, THEODOR. Zur Frage fiber die Wir- 

 kung des Lichtes auf Bakterien. Centralb. 

 f. Bakt, xi Bd., 1892, pp. 161-173. 

 ('92). BUCHNER, H. Ueber den Einfluss des Lichtes 

 auf Bakterien. Centralb. f. Bakt., xi Bd., 

 1892, pp. 781-783- 



Deals with question of effect of light on bacteria sus- 

 pended in water. " The result of all these experiments 

 points to the conclusion that light exerts a powerful dis- 

 infecting influence upon the named bacterial sorts when 

 these are suspended in water." The experiments were 

 made on typhoid bacilli, B. coli communis, B. pyocyan- 

 eus, cholera vibrios, and various bacteria of decay. 



('92). BUCHNER, H. Ueber den Einfluss des Lichtes 

 auf Bakterien. 11 Mitth. Centralb. f. Bakt, 

 Bd. xn, 1892, Heft 7-8, pp. 217-219, I fig. 

 Author obtained bacterial letters and figures on agar 

 and gelatin plates by covering a part and exposing to 

 sunshine. Light passed through water still possesses 

 active bactericidal powers. 



('93). BUCHNER, H. Ueber den Einfluss des Lichtes 

 auf Bakterien und fiber die Selbstreinigung 

 der Flfisse. Arch. f. Hyg., Bd. xvn, 1893, 

 pp. 179-204. 



('93). RICHARDSON, ARTHUR. The action of light in 

 preventing putrefactive decomposition ; and 

 in the formation of hydrogen peroxide in 

 organic liquids. Jour. Chem. Soc., Trans- 

 actions, London, 1893, vol. LXIII, pp. 1,109- 

 1,130. 



D'ARCY, R. F., AND HARDY, W. B. Note on 

 the oxidizing powers of different regions of 

 the spectrum in relation to the bactericidal 

 action of light and air. Jour, of Physio!., 

 i894-'95, vol. xvn, pp. 3QO-393- 

 WARD, H. MARSHALL. The Action of light on 

 bacteria. Phil. Trans. Royal Soc., Lond., 

 vol. 185 (1894), pp. 961-986. Also a sepa- 

 rate. 4to., 25 pp., i plate. See also Revue 

 Sci., 1894. 



('94). FISCHER, BERNHARD. Die Bakterien des 

 Meeres nach den Untersuchungen der Plank- 

 tonexpedition unter gleichzeitiger Beriick- 

 sichtigung einiger alterer und neuerer Un- 

 tersuchungen. Centra*, f. Bakt., Bd. xv, 

 1894, pp. 657-666. 



Shows that sunlight tends to reduce number of bacteria 

 in upper layers of the sea. There are always more bac- 

 teria in upper layers of the sea at sunrise than in the 

 afternoon. There are also in the daytime a great many 

 more nt a depth of 10 meters than near the surface. The 

 depth to which the bactericidal action of the sunlight 

 penetrates depends on its intensity, duration of action, 

 clearness of the water, etc. It probably reaches down 

 several meters. Cultures of various water bacteria were 

 killed in a short time when exposed to the midday sun in 

 August, the sun's rays being first passed through one-half 

 meter of sea water. 



('94). DIEUDONNE, A. Beitrage zur Beurteilung der 

 Einwinkung des Lichtes auf Bakterien. 

 Anbeiten a. d. Kaiserl. Gesundheitsarnte, Bd. 

 ix, 1894, Heft 2, pp. 405-413. Rev. in Cen- 

 tralb. f. Bakt., xvii Bd., 1895, pp. 646-647. 

 The red end of the spectrum (between the lines D and 

 R) has no injurious effect. In the green (between lines 

 K and F) there is a distinct inhibiting action. In the 

 blue-violet and ultra-violet the bactericidal action is most 

 marked. The action of the light is directly on the bac- 

 teria. Bacteria inoculated in plates already exposed to 

 the light grew just as well as in the control plates. Light , 

 which has had the heat rays removed by filtration 

 through alum solution, possesses the same germicidal 

 action. 



('94). DIEUDONNE, A. Ueber die Bedeutung des 

 Wasserstoffsuperoxyds fur die bakterien- 

 todtende Kraft des Lichtes. Arbeiten aus 

 dem kais. Gesundheits-Anit, Bd. ix, 1894, 

 PP. 537-540. 



Ascribes bactericidal effect of light in great part to the 

 formation of hydrogen peroxide in the culture-medium. 



('94). ENGELMANN. See xix. 



('94). D'ARSONVAL AND CHARRIN. See xxxin. 



('96). BECK, M., u. SCHULTZ, P. Ueber die Ein- 

 wirkung sogen. monochromatischen Lichtes 

 auf die Bacterienentwicklung. Zeitschr. f. 

 Hyg., Bd. xxin, 1896, pp. 490-496. 



('99). KEDZIOR, LAURENZ. Ueber den Einfluss des 

 Sonnenliohtes auf Bakterien. Arch. f. Hyg., 

 Bd. xxxvi, 1899, pp. 323-334. Rev. in Cen- 

 tralb. f. Bakt, Bd. xxvn, 1900, pp. 203 and 

 759- 



Sunlight also destroys in an atmosphere of hydrogen, 

 although less actively. 



('oi). SIMONCINI, G. B., E VIOLA, D. L'influenze 

 deiU'innaffiamento sul contenuto batterico 

 delle polveri di strada. Ann. d'igicne sper., 

 Roma, vol. xi, 1001, pp. 373-392. 



Bibliog. of 21 titles. The bactericidal action of liglit 

 was greater on the moistened dust of the street than on 

 the dry dust. 



XXX. Effect of Electricity. 



('91) 



('91) 



('93) 



SPILKER, W., UND GOTTSTEIN, A. Ueber die 

 Vernichtung von Mikroorganismen durch 

 die Induktionselektrickat. Centralb. f. 

 Bakt, ix Bd., 1891, pp. 77-88. 



FERMI, CLAUDIO. Ueber die Reinigung der 

 Abwasser durch Elektriciitat Arch, fur 

 Hyg., Bd. xm, 1891, pp. 207-228. 



KRUEGER, S. Ueber den Einfluss des constan- 

 ten elektrisohen Stromes auf Wachsthum 

 der Bakterien. Zeitschr. f. klin. med., Bd. 

 xxn, 1893, pp. 191-207. 



Krueger's conclusions are : The inhibition or destruc- 

 tion of the bacteria is due to the liberation of ions in the 

 fluid. 



('93). BURCI, E., E FRASCANI, V. Contribute allo 

 studio dell'azione battericida della corrente 

 continua. Atti della Soc. Tosc. di Scienze 

 nat Pisa. Mem., vol. xn, 1893. pp. 99-119. 



('94). D'ARSONVAL AND CHARRIN. See xxxni. 



('96). FRTEDENTHAL, H. Ueber den Einfluss des 

 elektrischen Stromes auf Bakterien. Krit- 

 isches Referat Centralb. f. Bakt., xix Bd., 

 1896, pp. 319-324- 



('96). GOTTSTEIN, A. Ueber den Einfluss des elek- 

 trischen Stromes auf Baktcrden. Centralb. 

 f. Bakt., xix Bd., 1896, pp. 602-605. 



('96). FRIEDENTHAL, H. Ueber den Einfluss des 

 Induktionselektrizitat auf Bakterien. Krit- 

 isches Referat Centralb. f. Bakt, xx Bd., 

 1896, pp. 505-508. 



('96). MARMIER, L. A. Les toxines et relectricite. 

 Ann. de 1'Inst Pasteur, T. x, 1896, pp. 469- 

 480. 



('99). THIELE, HERMANN, UND Wou>, KURT. Ueber 

 die Einwirkung des elektrischen Stromes 

 auf Bakterien. Centralb. f. Bakt., xxv Bd., 

 1899, pp. 650-655, with i fig. 

 Results all negative. 



('oo). KRAUSE. See xv. 



