ELECTRICITY; ROENTGEN RAYS, ETC.; HIGH PRESSURE. 



245 



('01). STREHEI., I IKUMANN. Untersuchungcn iiber die 

 luktericide Wirkung des Hochspannungs- 

 funkenliohtes nebst Angabe einer Methode 

 zur besseren Ausntitzung der baktericiden 

 Kraft des Voltabogenlichtes. D. med. 

 Wochensclir., Berlin, Bd. xxvn, 1901, pp. 

 69-72, pp. 87-89. 



('oi). UI.T.MANN, JOHANNES. Ueber die Einwirkung 

 elektrischcn Bogenlichts auf Mikroorgan- 

 iMiien in Gegenwart von fluoreszierenden 

 Stoffen. Diss. Munch en (Druck v. M. 

 Ernst), 1901, p. 17. 



XXXI. Action on Bacteria of Roentgen Rays, Ra- 

 dium Rays, Etc. 



('96). WITTLIN, J. Les rayons Rontgen exercent-ils 

 une action quclconque sur les bacteries? 

 Ann. de -micro., T. vm, 1896, pp. 514-515. 



Author fiuds that the Roentgen rays have no effect upon 

 bacteria. 



('96). MINCK, P. Zur Frage iiber die Einwirkung 

 der Rontgen'sehen Strahle.n auf Baktericn 

 und ihre eventuelle therapeutische Verwend- 

 barkeit. Munchener mediz. Woohenschrift. 

 1806, Bd. XLIII, pp. 101-102 and p. 202. 



Author obtained only negative results. 



('97). POTT, FRANCIS. Concerning .the action of X- 

 rays on cultivation of tubercle Bacillus. The 

 Lancet, London, vol. n, for 1897 (55th 

 year), pp. 1,314-1,315. 

 The tubercle bacillus was not affected by X-rays. 



('97). BLAISE ET SAMBUC. De Faction des rayons X 

 sur Je Pyocyaneus et la bacteridie char- 

 bonneuse. C. R. des .se. et mem. de la soc. 

 de biol., T. iv, ice serie, 1897, pp. 689-692. 

 Little or no effect on these organisms. 



('97). BEAUREGARD ET GUICHARD. Action des rayons 

 X sur certains characteres biologique des 

 microbes. C. R. des se. et mem. de la soc. 

 de biol., T. iv, loe serie, 1897, pp. 803-804. 



The bacteria are much less sensitive than higher or- 

 ganisms. 



('98). RiEDER, HERMANN. Wirkung der Rontgen- 

 strablen auf Bakterien. Munch, med. 

 Wochensclir., 45 Jahrg., 1898, pp. 101-104, 2 

 text figures (exposed agar plates). 



Contrary to the statements of various other experi- 

 menters, this writer says that he obtained positive germi- 

 cidal results on seven pathogenic organisms by exposures 

 lasting from 45 minutes to i hour. The earlier literature 

 is cited. VolCohm's apparatus was used. The photo- 

 graphs show the center of the agar Petri-dish cultures 

 cleared of bacterial colonies. 



('98). WOLFENDEN, MORRIS, AND FORBES-ROSS, F. W. 

 A preliminary note on the action of the 

 Roentgen rays upon the growth and activity 

 of bacteria and micro-organisms. The 

 Lancet, London, June 25, 1898, pp. 1,752- 

 1,753- 



Bacillus prodigiostis 011 potato was exposed to the rays 

 for one hour on several occasions. Growth was much 

 greater than in the control tubes, and more pigment was 

 formed. 



('98). RIEDER, H. Weitere Mittheilung iiber die 

 Wirkung der Rontgenstrahlen auf Bacterien 

 sowie auf die menschliche Haut. Munch, 

 med. Wochenschr., 45 Jahrg., 1898, pp. 773- 

 774- 



foi). CASPARI, W. Ueber die bacterienschadigende 

 Wirkung der Becquerelstrahlen. Nadi in 

 Gemeinschaft mil Priv. Doc. Dr. Aschkinass 

 ausgefuhrten Versuchen. Arch. ital. biol., 

 Turin, T. xxxvi, 1901, p. 130. 



('02). RIEDER, HERMANN. Nochmals die bakterien- 

 todtende Wirkung der Rontgenstrahlen. 

 Munchener med. Wochenschr., Bd. XLIX, 

 1902, pp. 402-406. 



('04). PRESCOTT, S. C. The effect of radium rays on 

 the colon bacillus, the diphtheria bacillus 

 and yeast. Science, n. s., vol. xx, Aug. 19, 

 1904, pp. 246-248. 



" Radium rays have no effect upon fresh cultures of B. 

 coli, B. diphtheria, or Saccharomyces cerevisiae at a dis- 

 tance of one centimeter where the time of exposure is 

 less than 90 minutes. 



XXXII. Effect of High Pressure on Bacteria. 



('75)- BERT, P. Influence de 1'air comprime sur les 

 fermentations. C. R. des se. de 1'Acad. des 

 sci., Paris, 1875. T. LXXX, pp. 1,579-1,582. 



('77). BERT, P. De 1'emploi de 1'oxygene a haute 

 tension comme precede d'investigation physi- 

 ologique ; des venins et des virus. C. R. des 

 se. de 1'Acad. des sci., Paris, 1877, T. LXXXIV, 

 pp. 1,130-1,133. 



('91). SCHAFFER ET DE FREUDENREiCH. De la resis- 

 tance des bacteries aux hautes pressions 

 combinees avec une elevation de la tem- 

 perature. Annales de Microg., T. iv, 1891, 

 pp. 105-119. 



Milk subjected to a pressure of many atmospheres 

 (78-90) for several hours at 45 to 63 C was not steril- 

 ized. High pressure for a week also failed to sterilize it. 



('93). D'ARSONVAL ET CHARRIN. Pression et microbes. 

 La semaiine medicale, 1893, T. xin, p. 251. 

 Rev. in Centralb. f. Bakt., Bd. xiv, 1893, p. 

 64. See also C. R. des se. et mem. de la 

 soc. de Biol., Paris, 20 mai, 1893, pp. 532-533. 



B. pyocyaneus, in fresh bouillon cultures, was subjected 

 to a pressure of 50 atmospheres under carbon dioxide. 

 All were dead inside of 24 hours. Kven two hours' exposure 

 interfered with the reproductive function, i. e., lessened 

 the number of organisms capable of producing colonies, 

 and in cultures made after four hours' pressure only 

 traces of ability to form pigment remained. In cultures 

 made after six hours exposure there was no formation 

 of pigmeut, and generally no colonies when sown upon 

 agar, but in one case there were a few. 



('94). D'ARSONVAL AND CHARRIN. See xxxni. 

 ('94). ROGER. Action des hautes pressions sur les 



microbes. C. R. des se. de '1'Acad. des sci., 



T. cxix, Paris, p. 963. 



Pressures ot 1,000 to 3,000 atmospheres were tried with, 

 out destroying the bacteria. Certain functions, however- 

 were destroyed, e. g., pathogenicity. 



('97). MALFITANO, G. Sul comportamento dei micro- 

 organism! a'll'azione dei gasi compressi. 

 Boll, della Soc. medioo-chirurgica di Pavia, 



1897. Rev. in Centralb. f. Bakt., xxm Bd., 



1898, pp. 233-236. 



