RESISTANCE TO DRY AIR; ACTION OF ACIDS AND ALKALIES, ETC. 249 



('94). WALLICZEK, HEINRICH. Die Resistenz des 

 Bacterium coli commune gegen Eintrock- 

 nung. Centralb. f. Bakt., Bd. XV, 1894, pp. 

 949-950. 



B. coli proved quite sensitive to dry air. The writer of 

 this abstract has found great differences among bacteria 

 e. g. B. tracheiphilus was killed by a few minutes' expos- 

 ure ou cover-glasses, while Bact. hyacinthi lived under 

 similar conditions for more than a month. Jones found 

 his Bacillus carotovorus to be even more sensitive than 

 B. tracheiphilus. See following citations. 



C'9S)- SMITH, ERWIN P. Bacillus tracheiphilus, etc. 



Centralb. f. Bakt., 2 Abt., Bd. i, p. ,370. 

 ('97). MIQUEL, P. Sur la longevite des germes des 



bacteries dans les poussieres et dans le sol. 



Ann. de micr., 1897, T. ix, pp. 199-207 and 



251-259. 

 Coi). JONES, L. R. A soft rot of die carrot, etc. 



I3th Ann. Rep. Vt. Agric. Exp. Sta. for 1900. 



Burlington, Vt., 1901. Sec p. 328 for refer- 

 ence to this subject. 

 ('01). SMITH, ERWIN P. The cultural characters of 



Ps. hyacinthi. etc. Bull. 28, Div. Veg. Phys. 



and Path., U. S. Dep. Agr., Washington, 



D. C., 1901, p. 145. 



XXXVI. Action of Acids and Alkalies. 



('86). ABBOTT, A. C. The germicidal value of some 

 of the vegetable acids. The Medical News, 

 Phil a., 1886, 9 Jan., pp. 33-34. 



('92). DELBRUECK, M. Ueber das Verhalten der 

 Cholerabacillen auf frischen Friichten, 

 einigen Genuss- und Nahrungsmitteln. Son- 

 derabdruck aus den Veroffentlichungen des 

 Kaiserlichen Gesundheitsamte, 1892, No. 42, 

 vom 19 October, Berlin. Verlag von Julius 

 Springer, 1892, pp. 812-824. 



The per cent of malic acid in many fruits is given. This 

 varies from 0.13 (certain pears) to 2.65 (red currantsV In 

 the feebly acid fruits, the cholera bacilli were dead inside 

 of 3 to 7 days : in the the tarter fruits thev retained their 

 vitality only for a period measured by hours. Usually 

 they were dead in from i to 6 hours. 



('92). SCHLUETER, G. Das Wachstum der Bakterien 

 auf saurem Nahrboden. Centralb. f. Bakt., 

 Bd. xi, 1892, pp. 589-598. 



A dozen different bacteria were tested in " ordinary nu- 

 trient gelatin " and in fish glue, with addition of lactic 

 acid, aium, tartaric acid, citric acid, acetic acid, and hy- 

 drochloric acid. Several organisms tolerated as much 

 as i per cent of lactic acid, or i per cent tartaric acid, 

 but their growth was slow and usually feeble. Several 

 grew feebly in the presence of l /t per cent alum. Six 

 grew abundantly in gelatin acidified with citric acid. so 

 that H cc. of the gelatin required for its neutralization 

 4 cc. of sodium carbonate water of the strength 5.3:1000. 

 In fish glue containing 0.15 per cent acetic acid, several 

 grew, but only feebly. Six grew in fish glue containing 

 0.075 per cent hydrochloric acid. The anthrax organism 

 grew better with 0.2 per cent alum than on a neutral 

 substratum. 



(93). HESSE, W. Ueber den Einfluss der Alka- 

 lescenz des Nahrbodens auf das Wachsthum 

 der Bakterien. Zeitschr. f. Hyg., Bd. xv, 

 1893, PP. 183-191- 



('9,3). VOCES, O. Ueber das Wachstum der Cholera- 

 bacillen auf Kartoffeln. Centralb. f. Bakt., 

 Bd. xm, 1893, pp. 543-550. 



Organism woulci uot grow on potato as ordinarily pre- 

 pared, but grew well at 37 C. (and more slowly at 20) on 

 the addition of a 2to 3 percent solution of sodium chlor- 

 ide. Nearly as good results were obtained with % to % 

 per cent sodium carbonate solution. Growth was also 

 obtained on potato with J4 to % per cent sodium hydrate 

 solution. 



('97). DEELEMAN, M. Der Einfluss der Reaktion des 

 Nahrbodens auf das Bakterienwachstum. 

 Arbeit, aus dem Kaiserl. Gesundheitsamte, 

 Bd. xin, 1897, Heft 3. Rev. in Centralb. f 

 Bakt, xxn Bd., 1897, pp. 355-356. 



(98). FERMI, CLAUDIO. Die Mineral- und organ- 

 ischen Sauren, die Alkali, die Alkaloide, das 

 Jodkali und das arsensaure Kali zur Differ- 

 enziierung der Mikroorganismen. Centralb. 

 f. Bakt., Bd. xxin, 1898, pp. 208-217 and 

 266-273. 



Of the plant acids, oxalic was found to be the most 

 deleterious to the Schizomycetes. The conclusions are 

 given on p. 266 et seq. 



('96) 

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XXXVII. Agglutination and Precipitation. 



. WIDAI,, FERNAND. Sero^diagnostic de la fievre 

 typhoide. Bull, et mem. de la soc. med. des 

 hop. de Paris, 26 juin, 1896, pp. 561-566. 



. WIDAL, P., ET SICARD, A. Etudes sur le sero- 

 diagnostic et sur la reaction agglutinante 

 chez les typhiques. Ann. de 1'Inst. Pasteur, 

 T. xi, 1897, pp. 353-432. 



. FLEXNER, S. A recently discovered property 

 of the blood .serum in animals immune from 

 certain diseases, and its application to the 

 diagnosis of those diseases in human beings. 

 Science (n. s.), vol. v, pp. 193-194, 1897. 



. MALVOZ, E. Reoherches sur '1'agglutination du 

 Bacillus typhosus .par des substances 

 chimique. Ann. de 1'Inst. Pasteur, T. xi, 

 J897, pp. 582-590. 



. NICOLLE, CHARLES. Recherches sur la sub- 

 stance agglutinee. Ann. de 1'Inst. Pasteur,, 

 T. xii, 1898, pp. 161-191. 



. BORDET, JULES. Le mechanisme de 1'agglutina- 

 tion. Ann. de 1'Inst. Pasteur, T. xm, 1899, 

 pp. 225-250. 



. KRAUS, R. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntniss des 

 Mechanismus der agglutination. Wiener 

 Klin. Wochenschr. 1899, Jahrg. xn, pp. 1-4. 



. GRUBER. Zur Theorie der Agglutination. 

 Munch, med. Wochenschr., 1899, No. 41. 

 Rev. in Centralb. f. Bakt., xxvn Bd., igoo, 

 pp. 285-286. 



. SABRAZES ET BRENGUES. Agglutinines chim- 

 iques. C. R. de la Soc. de biol., 1899, No. 

 35. P- 930. Rev. in Centralb. f. Bakt., xxvn 

 Bd., 1900, p. 756. 



. ZIKES. Ueber das Ausschleudern von Mikro- 

 organismen unter Zuhilfenahme von Fal- 

 lungsmitteln. Oesterr. Chemiker-Zeitung, 

 1900, No. 2. Rev. in Centralb. f. Bakt., 

 xxvii Bd., 1900, p. 628. 



. SMITH, R. GREIG. The flocculation of bacteria. 

 The mechanism of agglutination. Proceed- 

 ings of Linn. Soc. of New South Wales, 

 1900, Part i, pp. 65-74, 75-83. Also a sepa- 

 rate (issued Aug. 8, 1900). 



. DURHAM, HERBERT E. Some theoretical con- 

 siderations upon the nature of agglutinins, 

 together with further observations upon 

 Bacillus typhi abdominalis, Bacillus enteri- 

 tidis, Bacillus coli communis, Bacillus lactis 

 aerogenes, and some other bacilli of allied 

 character. Jour, of Exp. Med., vol. v, pp. 

 353-388. 



