252 



BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASES. 



('95). GORIANSKY, G. J. Sur la disinfection des 

 crachats phtisiques et des cultures tuber- 

 culeuses par les solutions alcalines de good- 

 ran et de vwiaigre de bois. Arch, des^ sci. 

 biol., pub. par 1'Inst. imp. de med. exp. a St. 

 Petersburg, Tome 3, 1895, pp. 148-166. 



Wood-vinegar is a very energetic disinfectant. lu quan- 

 tity equal to the volume of sputum, and acting for 6 

 hours, it was found entirely efficient. Exposure of 4 

 hours is not sufficient in some cases to destroy B. tuber- 

 culosis in sputum. In pure culture the organism is de- 

 stroyed by exposure for l hour to this acid. 



('95). D'ARSONVAL. Sur la production de 1'ozone 

 concentre et sur ses effets bactericides. C. 

 R. des se. et mem. de la soc. de foiol., Paris, 

 10 se., T. II, 1895, pp. 500-502. 



The writer's experiments were negative, and he is very 

 skeptical as to germicidal power of ozone. 



('95). FISCHER. See XL. 



('96). WALTER, K. Zur Bedeutung des Formalins, 



bezw. Formaldehyde als Desinfekrions- 



mittel. Zeitschr. f. Hyg., Bd. xxi, 1896, pp. 



421-451. Rev. in Cerrtralb. f. Bakt., xx Bd., 



1896, p. 280. 

 ('97). IWANOFP, W. A. Zur Frage iiber das Ein- 



dringen der Formalindampfe in die organ- 



ischen Gewebe. Centralb. f. Bakt., xxn 



Bd., 1897, pp. 50-58. 



Formalin vapor did not penetrate rapidly into the 

 depths of the tissues tested (livers of rabbits and guinea 

 pigs). 



('97). WEYLAND, J. Desinfektionswirkung und 

 Eiweissfallung chemischer Korper. Cen- 

 tralb. f. Bakt., xxi Bd., 1897, pp. 798-802. 



('97). FuERBRlNGER UND PREYHAN. Neue Unter- 

 suchungen ii'ber die Desinfektion der Hande. 

 Deutsche med. Wochenschr., 1897, No. 6. 

 Rev. in 'Centralb. f. Bakt., xxi Bd., 1897, pp. 

 708-710. 



Authors recommend alcohol. A 2 per cent solution of 

 mercuric chloride is still better. Both may be used, the 

 latter preceded by the former. 



('97). PODGORNY, K. M. Effect of iodine on patho- 

 genic bacteria. Thesis of St. Petersburg, 

 No. 36, 1897, pp. 74. 



('97). SCHUMBURG. Ein neues Verfalhren zur Her- 

 stellung keimfreien Trinkwassers. Deutsche 

 med. Wochenschr., Bd. xxm, 1897, No. 10, 

 pp. 145-146. 



Bromide treatment. 



('98). MINERVINI, RAFAEL. Ueber die baktericide 

 Wirkung des Alkohols. Zeitschr. f. Hyg., 

 Bd. xxix, 1898, pp. 117-148. Bibliography 

 of 18 titles. 



Ethyl alcohol has only a weak bactericidal action. It 

 is most active in concentrations of 50 to 7o per cent. Al- 

 coholic solutions of antiseptic substances are less active 

 than water solutions. 



('08). SCHULTZ, N. De I'actipn des antiseptiques sur 

 le bac. pestis hommis et de la desinfection 

 d'effeots et de locaux contamines par la peste 

 bubonique. Arch, des >sci. biol. publiees par 

 1'inst. imper. de ined. exper. a St. Peters- 

 bourg, T. vi, 1808, pp. 397-426, i plate. 



The appearance of the bacteria subjected to the anti- 

 septics, as shown on the plate, strongly suggests the ap- 

 pearance of organisms in old cultures, viz.: involution 

 forms, and the two phenomena may be due to the same 

 cause, the involution forms arising'from the harmful ac- 

 tion of products excreted by the bacteria, or arising from 

 the action of siibstances developed in the media as the 

 result of bacterial occupation. 



('98). Fi.uEGGE, C. Die Wohnungsdesinfektion durch 

 Formaldehyd. Zeitschr. f. Hyg., Bd. xxix, 

 1898, pp. 276-308. 



('98). FERMI. See xxxvi. 



('98). POPOFF, S. P. Vergleichende Studien iiber die 

 desinfizierende Wirkung reiner Sublimat- 

 losungen und Kombinationen derselben mit 

 anderen Desinficientien. (Diss.) St. Peters- 

 burg, 1898. Rev. in Centralb. f. Bakt., xxv 

 Bd., 1899, pp. 331-332. 



The power of i per cent sol. mercuric chloride is in- 

 creased very decidedly by addition of i per cent hydro- 

 chloric acid, or i per cent phenol, and by the addition 

 of 2 per cent phenol a still more effective mixture is 

 obtained. Addition of i to 2 per cent NaCl weakened the 

 effect of the i per cent sublimate solution on some or- 

 ganisms, but increased it on others. 



('98). LUCAS-CHAMPIONNJERE. Sur la valeur anti- 

 septique de 1'eau oxygenee. Bull, de I'acad. 

 de med., 1898, T. xi,, serie 3, Paris, pp. 599- 



6i 7 . 



('99). MARMIER ET ABRAHAM. La sterilisation indus- 

 trielle des eaux potables par 1'ozone. Rev. 

 d'hyg. et de Police Sanitaire, Paris, 1899, T. 

 xxi, pp. 540-554. 



Great things are claimed for this method. Only some 

 specimens of Bacillus subtilis are said to have escaped 

 destruction, and of these only one individual for each 

 15 cc. of water treated with a concentration of ozone 

 equal to 6 milligrams per litre of air. 



('99). STABLER, EDUARD. Ueber die Einwirkung von 

 Kochsalz auf Bakterien, die bei den soge- 

 nannten Fleischvergiftungen eine Rolle 

 spielen. Arch. f. Hyg., Bd. xxxv, 1899, pp. 

 40-82. Rev. in Centralb. f. Bakt., xxvi Bd., 

 1899, p. 411. 



2 to 3 clays tney were injured, nut alter tnai iney maae 

 a luxuriant growth. The toleration limit for B. coli and 

 B. enteritidis is between 7 and 8 per cent of NaCl, and that 

 of B. morbificans bovis between 8 and 10 per cent. The 

 writerof this abstract found certain plant bacteria much 

 more sensitive to salt, e. g. Ps. hyacinthi was restrained 

 by 1.5 per cent. 



('99). BLISS, C. L., AND NOVY, PR. G. Action of 

 formaldehyde on enzymes and on certain 

 proteids. The Jour. Exp. Medicine, vol. iv, 

 1899, pp. 47-80. 



('99). WEYL, TH. Keimfreies Trinkwasser mittels 

 Ozon. Centralb. f. Bakt., xxvi Bd., 1899, 

 <PP- 15-32, with i fig. 



"Ozone is a specific bacterial poison." It is recom- 

 mended for sterilizing drinking water. 



('99). KOCH, E., AND FUCHS, G. Ueber den anti- 

 bakteriellen Wert des Acrolein. Centralb. 

 f. Bakt., xxvi Bd., 1899, pp. 560-563. 



Acrolein is a substance related to formaldehyd. In 

 0.25 to 0.5 per cent solutions it proved more effective than 

 formaldehyd on a number of uon-sporiferous organisms. 



('99). CALMETTE, A. Rapport sur la sterilization in- 

 dustrielle des eaux potables par 1'ozone. 

 Ann. de I'lnst. Pasteur, 1899, T. xm, pp. 

 344-357- 



A favorable report on sterilization of water by ozone 

 by a committee, of which Calmette was secretary. They 

 recommended the system of Marmier and Abraham for 

 the city of Lille. 



('99). Roux ET CALMETTE. Sterilization of water by 

 ozone. Rapport presente a la miunicipalite 

 de Lille, fevrier, 1899. 



Not seen. 



