254 



BACTERIA IN RELATION TO PLANT DISEASES. 



('94). BEYERINCK, M. W. Ueber Thermotaxis bei 

 Bakterium Zopfii. Centralb. f. Bakt., Bd. 

 xv, 1894, p. 799. 



Refers to thermotaxis the movements of the threads 

 of Bact. Zopfii, which Boyce and Evans supposed to be 

 due to geotropism. 



('or). JENNINGS, H. S., AND CROSBY, J. H. Studies 

 on reactions 'to stimuli in unicellular or- 

 ganisms, vn. The manner in which bac- 

 teria react to stimuli, especially to chemical 

 stimuli. Am. Jour, of Physiol., vol. vi, 1901, 

 PP- 3J-37- Also a separate. 



The movement of unicellular organisms toward or 

 away from chemical substances is said to be due to a 

 "motor reflex " comparable to that of the ciliate infu- 

 soria, aud not to chernotaxis, as stated by Pfefier and 

 others. These conclusions agree with those of Rothert. 



('oi). ROTHERT, W. Beobachtungen und Betrach- 

 tungen fiber tactische Reizerscheinungen. 

 Flora oder Allgemeine Botanische Zeitung, 

 88 Bd., 1901, Hft. in, pp. 371-421. 



('02). CLARK, JUDSON F. On the toxic properties of 

 some copper compounds with special refer- 

 ence to Bordeaux mixture. Botanical Ga- 

 zette, vol. xxxni, 1902, pp. 26-48, 7 figs. 

 Controverts Miyoshi on chemolrop am. 



('03). ROTHERT, W. Ueber die Wirkung des Aethers 

 und Chloroforms auf die Reizbewegungen 

 der Mikroorganismen. Jahrb. f. Wiss. Bot, 

 Bd. xxxix, 1903, pp. 1-70. 



The variability in sensitiveness of the same organism 

 at different times was most disturbing. " Material 

 which to-day is strikingly chemotactic or phototactic, 

 may be to-morrow unusable. Especially striking and 

 perplexing was the behavior of Spirillum undula, this 

 classical object for chernotaxis and osmotaxis, with 

 which Pfeffer made his celebrated investigations, and 

 with which in former years I confirmed the experiments 

 of Pfeffer." 



XL. Osmotic Pressures. 



CQI). WLADIMIROFF, ALEXANDER. Osmotische Ver- 

 suohe an lebenden Bakterien. Zeitschr. f. 

 physikalische Chem., Bd. vn, 1891, pp. 529- 

 543- 



('91). WLADIMIROFF, ALEXANDER. Biologische Studien 

 an Bakterien. i. Uber das Verhalten 

 beweglicher Bakterien in Losungen von 

 Neutralsalzen. Zeitschr. f. Hyg., 1891, Bd. 

 x, pp. 89-110. 



('91). FISCHER, ALFRED. Die Plasmolyse der Bak- 

 terien. Ber. iiber die Verhandlungen d. K. 

 sachs. Ges. d. Wissenschaften. Mathetn.- 

 phys. Classe, Leipzig, 1891, Bd. XLIII, pp. 

 52-74, i plate. 



Plasmolysis was either definitely established or ren- 

 dered extremely presumptive (smaller forms) for I7kinds 

 of bacteria. The concentration which induced it varied 

 in most cases from 0.5 to 5 per cent. In a few cases the 

 least concentration which would induce plasmolysis was 

 not determined. Generally strengths of i to 2 percent 

 sodium chloride were sufficient. " Die untere Grenze 

 liegt fast fiir alle Bacterien bei I per cent oder 0.75 per 

 cent NaCl." 



('95). FISCHER, ALFRED. Neue Beobachtungen iiber 

 Plasmolyse der Bakterien in Untersuchungen 

 iiber Bakterien. Jahrb. f. wissensch. Bot., 

 Berlin, 1895, Bd. xxvn, pp. 1-34. 



Coi). D'ARSONVAL. See xxxni. 



XLI. Chemical Analysis of Bacteria. 



('79). NENCKI, M., UND SCHAFFER, F. Ueber die 

 ohemische Zusammensetzung der Faulniss- 

 bakterien. Jour. f. Praktische Chemie, neue 

 Folge, Bd. xx, 1879, pp. 443-466, i fig., i 

 plate. Also a separate. 



('81). SCHAFFER, F. Zur kenntniss des Mykoproteins. 

 Journal f. Prak. Chemie, neue Folge, Bd. 

 xxill, 1881, pp. 302-304. 



('86). BROWN, ADRIAN J. On an acetic ferment which 

 forms cellulose. Journal Chem. Soc. Trans., 

 London, vol. XLIX, pp. 432-439. 



('87). BROWN, ADRIAN J. Note on the cellulose 

 formed by Bacterium xylinum. Journ. 

 Chem. Soc., London, Trans., vol. LI, 1887, 

 p. 643. 



('87). VINCENZI, LIVIO. Uebor die chemischen Be- 

 standteile der Spaltpilze. Zeitschr. f. 

 physiolog. Chemie, 1887, Bd. xi, pp. 181-183. 



('88). HAMMERSCHLAG. Ueber bacteriologisch- 

 chemische Untersuchung der Tuberkel- 

 bacillen. Verhandlungen der Schweizeri- 

 schen Naturf. Gesselsch. in Solathurn, Au- 

 gust, 1888, 71 Jahresversammlung, pp. 85-86. 



CP3)- CRAMER, E. Die Zusammensetzung der Bak- 

 terien in ihrer Abhangigkeit von dem Nahr- 

 rnaterial. Arch. f. Hyg., Bd. xvi, Heft 2, 

 1893, pp. 151-195. 



('93). NISHIMURA, TOYOSAKU. Untersuchung fiber 

 die chemische Zusammensetzung eines 

 Wasserbacillus. Arch. f. Hyg., Bd. xvm, 

 1893, PP. 318-333. 



('93). DREYFUSS, ISIDOR. Ueber das Vorkommen 

 von Cellulose in Bacillen, Schi.mmel- und 

 anderen Pilzen. Zeitschr. f. physiol. chem., 

 Bd. xvm, 1893, pp. 358-379- 



The conclusion is that cellulose occurs in hay bacilli 

 and in pus bacilli. 



('95). CRAMER, E. Die Zusammensetzung der 

 Cholerabacillen. Arch. f. Hyg., Bd. xxn, 

 1895, PP- 167-190. 



('98). DE SCHWEINITZ, E. A., AND DORSET, MARION. 



The mineral constituents of the tubercle 

 bacilli. Centralb. f. Bakt., Bd. xxni, 1898, 

 PP. 993-995- 



('02). KRESLING, K. I. De la substance grasse des 

 bacilles de la tuberculose. Arch, des sci. 

 biol., publiees par 1'inst. imp. de med. exper. 

 a St. Petersbourg, T. ix, 1902, pp. 359-376. 



XLI I. Distribution of Bacteria Geographical and 

 Attitudinal. 



(Deserts, mountains, arctic regions, sea air, depths 

 of the sea, deep wells, surface soils, air at the earth's 

 surface, and at higher levels.) 



('81). MIQUEL, P. Sur le dosage des bacteries dans 

 les poussieres et dans le sol. Bull. Soc. Bot. 

 de France, 1881, T. xxvin, ser. 3, pp. 44-51. 



('82). TYNDALL, JOHN. Essays on the floating-mat- 

 ter of the air in relation to putrefaction and 

 infection. New York, D. Appleton & Co., 

 1882, pp. xix, 338. 



('83). MIQUEL, P. Les organismes vivants de 1'at- 

 mosphere, pp. vm, 310. Paris. 1883. Gau- 

 thier-Villars. 



